کنش و واکنش جاده جنگلی در بوم‌سازگان جنگلی هیرکانی

نوع مقاله : کوتاه

نویسنده

استاد،‌ گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل،‌ دانشکده منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22092/ijfpr.2023.361311.2083

چکیده

برای مدیریت جنگل‌های هیرکانی ضروری است که شبکه‌‌ای هدفمند از جاده‌‌ها با توزیع تراکم کافی و متناسب برای اجرای شیوه جنگل‌شناسی (شیوه پرورشی)، عملیات حفاظتی و حمایتی، گردشگری و همه اقدام‌های اجتناب‌ناپذیر طراحی و ساخته شود. تا سال 1390، حدود 10 هزار کیلومتر جاده در طرح‌های جنگل‌داری ایران احداث شده بود. جاده‌سازی در جنگل، علاوه‌بر ایجاد کنش‌های مثبت مانند دسترسی برای مدیریت عرصه جنگلی (انجام به‌موقع عملیات حفاظتی و پرورشی)، بر متغیرهای موجود در طبیعت و عملکرد طبیعی آن‌ها (مانند تأثیر بر تنوع پوشش گیاهی و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک حاشیه جاده) نیز تأثیر می‌گذارد. باید با رعایت اصول و موازین فنی- مهندسی جنگل در هنگام طراحی و ساخت جاده، عوارض و واکنش‌های منفی را کاهش داد و به اندازه کمینه آن نزدیک کرد. پیشنهاد می‌‌شود که سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور نسبت به نظارت بر رعایت دستورالعمل‌های فنی ساخت جاده (نشریه‌های 131 و 148 معاونت امور فنی در سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی کشور) در پروژه‌های جاده‌‌سازی، نظارت مستقیم خود را در همه عرصه‌های جنگلی و حتی همه عرصه‌های منابع طبیعی کشور، بیش‌از‌پیش ایفا کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The action and reaction of the forest road in the Hyrcanian Forest ecosystem, Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • S.A. Hosseini
Professor, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

    Managing Hyrcanian Forests in Iran requires a well-designed and constructed network of roads that are appropriately distributed and aligned with the silviculture method. These roads enable access to protection, support, and tourism activities, as well as facilitate the execution of all necessary measures. Around 10,000 kilometers of roads have been built in Iranian forestry projects. Constructing roads in forests has both positive and negative consequences on nature and its natural functioning, including impacts on biodiversity, grass and plant cover, and physical and chemical soil properties. The design and construction of these structures should adhere to the principles and technical-engineering standards of forestry to minimize adverse reactions. To ensure compliance with road construction technical instructions (Publications 131 and 148 of the technical deputy in the Management and Planning Organization of Iran), it is recommended that the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization of Iran supervise their implementation in all forest areas, alongside forestry plans. Furthermore, the organization should increase its direct supervision of the country's entire natural resource field to improve project outcomes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Action and reaction
  • ecological effects
  • erosion
  • Hyrcanian vegetation zone

مراجع

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