بررسی ویژگی‌های زیستی پروانه دم‌قهوه‌ای برگ‌خوار بلوط (.Euproctis chrysorrhoea L) و مقدار آلودگی آن در جنگل‌‌های ارسباران

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌داری، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌‌ شرقی، تبریز، ایران

4 استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

10.22092/ijfpr.2023.360795.2080

چکیده

پروانه دم‌قهوه‌‌ای برگ‌خوار بلوط (.Euproctis chrysorrhoea L) یکی از مهم‌‌ترین آفات برگ‌خوار درختان بلوط در جنگل‌‌های ارسباران است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی ویژگی‌های زیست‌‌شناسی، پراکنش و تغییرات جمعیتی این آفت در هشت رویشگاه از شهرستان‌‌های اهر و هوراند از توابع استان آذربایجان شرقی در سال‌های 1399 و 1400 انجام شد. پس از انتخاب 20 درخت بلوط (.Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) در هر رویشگاه، 10 لانه زمستان‌‌گذران از هر درخت نمونه جمع‌‌آوری و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. لاروهای زمستان‌‌گذران شمارش و با ترازوی دیجیتالی حساس وزن شدند. دوره زندگی آفت در شرایط صحرایی بررسی و عرض کپسول سر لاروها نیز با استفاده از لام مدرج اندازه‌‌گیری شد. برای بررسی تفاوت رویشگاه‌های مورد مطالعه ازنظر میانگین تعداد و وزن لاروهای موجود در لانه‌‌های زمستان‌‌گذران و مقایسه میانگین آن‌ها به‌ترتیب از آزمون‌های‌ تجزیه واریانس و دانکن استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که پروانه دم‌قهوه‌‌ای برگ‌خوار بلوط، پنج سن لاروی دارد. اغلب لاروهای درون لانه‌‌های زمستان‌‌گذران (حدود 90 درصد)، مربوط به سن سوم لاروی بودند. همه درختان بلوط نمونه در همه رویشگاه‌‌های مورد مطالعه به این آفت آلوده بودند. به‌طوری‌که روی هر درخت نمونه، حداقل چندین لانه لاروی مشاهده شد. میانگین تعداد و وزن لاروهای درون لانه‌‌ها در رویشگاه‌‌های سه‌‌گانه هوراند در یک گروه قرار گرفتند و به‌طور معنی‌‌داری بیشتر از رویشگاه‌‌های شهرستان اهر بودند. مبارزه با این آفت در شهرستان اهر ازجمله قطع و جمع‌‌آوری لانه‌‌های لاروی می‌تواند در کاهش تعداد لاروهای آفت در این منطقه نسبت به شهرستان هوراند مؤثر بوده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating some biological characteristics of the brown tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) and its infestation level in the Arasbaran forests, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Ghazfar 1
  • M.R. Zargaran 2
  • H. Lotfalizadeh 3
  • J. Eshaghi Rad 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Plant Protection, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
4 Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

     The brown tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) is a significant leaf-eating pest that affects oak trees in the Arasbaran forests of Iran. This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics, distribution, and demographic changes of this pest. The research was conducted in eight sites located in Ahar and Horand counties, East Azarbaijan province of Iran, during 2020-2021. For the study, 20 oak trees (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) were chosen from each site, and 10 wintering nests were collected from each tree and taken to the laboratory for analysis. In the lab, the overwintering larvae were counted and weighed using a digital scale. The researchers also measured the width of the head capsule of the larvae and studied the life cycle of the pest in field conditions. The analysis of variance test was conducted to assess the difference between the eight sites concerning the average number and weight of the larvae in the wintering nests. The comparison of the averages was performed using Duncan's test. The results showed that E. chrysorrhoea has five larval instars, with the majority of the larvae in the wintering nests belonging to the third instar (around 90%). All the sample oak trees from the studied sites were infected with this pest, with several larval nests seen on them. The study found that the average number and weight of larvae inside the nests in the three sites of Horand county were significantly higher than the five sites in Ahar county. The control methods applied in Ahar county, including cutting and collecting larval nests, may have had an impact on reducing the number of brown tail moth larvae compared to Horand county.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • East Azarbaijan
  • pest
  • oak
  • distribution
  • larvae

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