ارزیابی کیفی نتایج اجرای برنامه جامع صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی در استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج،‌ ایران

10.22092/ijfpr.2022.360196.2070

چکیده

با گذشت حدود 17 سال از اجرای برنامه جامع صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی، ارزیابی مناسبی از نتایج اجرای آن نشده است. اگر دلایل تجربی نشان ندهند که اجرای این برنامه سبب چه وضعیتی شده است، نمی‌توان برای ادامه اجرا، اصلاح یا توقف آن تصمیم‌گیری درستی کرد. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، نتایج اجرای سیاست صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی در استان گیلان در سه مؤلفه اکولوژیکی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی به روش کیفی ارزیابی شد. ارزیابی کیفی به روش میدانی و ابزار مصاحبه نیمه‌سازمان‌یافته با 20 نفر از کارشناس‌ها اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری، اداره کل حفاظت محیط‌زیست و سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی استان گیلان با نمونه‌گیری گلوله‌برفی انجام شد و داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل مضمون تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد اجرای این برنامه از دیدگاه اکولوژیکی مثمرثمر بوده و سبب توقف جنگل‌زدایی و احیاء مناطق جنگلی تخریب یافته شده است. البته، عدم استمرار در مراقبت و حفاظت از جنگل‌کاری‌ها به‌دلیل عدم استمرار در تخصیص اعتبار و تناسب آن با تورم از مهم‌ترین مشکلات اجرایی این سیاست در این زمینه بوده است. از دیدگاه اجتماعی، اجرای برنامه به‌دلیل عدم توجه به معیشت پایدار روستاییان و دامداران سبب آسیب‌های اجتماعی (بیکاری، نابرابری، فقر و فساد) و ساماندهی بدون برنامه دامداران باعث افزایش فشار دام در عرصه‌های همجوار شده است. از دیدگاه اقتصادی، اجرای این برنامه در تثبیت مالکیت عرصه‌های ملی مؤثر بوده است، اما به‌دلیل کمبود منابع مالی نتایج مورد نیاز و کاملاً مطلوب تولید نشد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان‌ داد که باتوجه‌به برخی نارسایی‌های اجرایی، بازنگری و اصلاح در اجرا و ارزیابی سیاست صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A qualitative evaluation of the results of implementing the Comprehensive Forest Safeguarding Policy in Guilan Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Zirakpour Navi 1
  • M. Avatefi Hemmat 2
  • S.M. Heshmatol Vaezin 3
1 M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Comprehensive Forest Safeguarding Policy (CFSP) of the Hyrcanian Forests in Iran has been adopted and implemented ca. 17 years ago. However, the evaluation reports of the policy have not been released yet. If the empirical evidence does not show the conditions the implementation of this policy has led to, neither modification of decisions regarding the continuation of the implementation nor abolishment of the policy would be possible. Therefore, here the results of CFSP implementation were evaluated in Guilan Province. Qualitative evaluation and snowball sampling were conducted, followed by semi-structured interviews to discuss three ecological, social, and economic dimensions of the implementation results with 20 experts from the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, General Department of Environment, and Management and Planning Organization of Guilan Province. The data was thematic. Results showed that the implementation of this policy has been fruitful from an ecological perspective. Deforestation decreased, while restoration of degraded forest areas increased. However, discontinuity in budget allocation and contradiction between the amount of budget and national inflation rates have led to a lack of continuity in the conservation and maintenance of reforestation areas. In the social domain, the implementation of CFSP has led to the emergence of social issues such as unemployment, inequality, poverty, and debauchery among relocated villagers and compensated herders due to the lack of attention to the sustainable livelihood of villagers and forest herders. In addition, the unplanned relocation of forest herders has increased livestock grazing pressure on the neighboring areas. From an economic perspective, the CFSP implementation has led to the delimitation of national forest borders and the confirmation of state authority on national lands. However, the planned objectives were not completely achieved due to insufficient financial resources. The findings show that reviewing and modifying the CFSP implementation and evaluation is necessary due to the above-mentioned inadequacies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hyrcanian Forests
  • Comprehensive Forest safeguarding policy
  • ecological outcomes
  • forest policy evaluation
  • relocation of forest-dependent communities
  • thematic analysis

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