تنوع زیستی و همزیستی قارچ‌های میکوریز با درختان بادام (.Amygdalus sp) در جنگل‌‌های زاگرس، استان ایلام

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌داری، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری علوم زیستی جنگل، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

10.22092/ijfpr.2022.360138.2069

چکیده

همزیستی قارچ‌‌های میکوریزی با ریشه گیاهان، یکی از مهم‌ترین روابط همزیستی در خاک است. در این پژوهش، تنوع ‌‌زیستی و همزیستی قارچ‌های میکوریزی آربوسکولار (AMF) با ریشه درختان بادام بی‌‌برگ (Amygdalus arabica Olivier)، تنگرس (A. lycioides Spach)، بادام برگ‌سنجدی (A. elaeagnifolia Spach) و بادام شرقی (.A. orientalis Mill) در سه رویشگاه در استان ایلام بررسی شدند. پس از نمونه‌گیری از عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متری خاک، اسپورهای قارچ‌های میکوریز به‌روش الک مرطوب جدا شدند و قارچ‌ها براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی اسپور شناسایی شدند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، 34 گونه AMF متعلق به 10 جنس مختلف وجود داشتند. بیشترین تنوع زیستی این قارچ‌ها (28 گونه) در بادام بی‌‌برگ مشاهده شد. همچنین، 19 گونه AMF در بادام برگ‌سنجدی، 25 گونه در بادام شرقی و 26 گونه در تنگرس شناسایی شدند. بیشترین میانگین فراوانی نسبی در بین جنس‌ها و گونه‌های قارچ همزیست با جنس بادام به‌ترتیب متعلق به Glomus با 49 درصد و G. nanolumen با 21 درصد بودند. تراکم اسپورهای AMF، غنای گونه‌ای و شاخص تنوع شانون- وینر آن‌ها بین گونه‌های مختلف بادام، اختلاف معنی‌‌داری داشتند. به‌طوری‌که بیشینه هر سه شاخص مذکور در بادام بی‌برگ مشاهده شد. همچنین، تراکم اسپور با مقدار فسفر و درصد شن خاک، همبستگی منفی و با درصد رس خاک، همبستگی مثبت نشان داد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biodiversity and symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi with almond trees (Amygdalus sp.) in Zagros forests, Ilam province

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Kazemzade 1
  • J. Mirzaei 2
  • N. Jafarian 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Corresponding author, Associate Prof., Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student of Forest Biology, Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

The symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi with plant roots is one of the most important symbiotic relationships in soil. In this study, biodiversity and symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with Amygdalus arabica Olivier, A. lycioides Spach, A. elaeagnifolia Spach and A. orientalis Mill. were investigated in three sites in Ilam province. After extracting soil samples from a depth of 0-30 cm, spores of mycorrhizal fungi were separated by the wet sieving method and the fungi were identified based on the morphological characteristics of the spores. The results revealed 34 different species of AMF belonging to 10 different genera. The highest biodiversity of fungi (28 species) was observed in A. arabica. In addition, 19 AMF species in A. elaeagnifolia, 25 in A. orientalis and 26 in A. Lycioides were identified. Moreover, the lomus with 49% and G. nanolumen with 21% were of the highest relative frequency of AMF genus and species among all the tree species, respectively. Significant differences were observed between Amygdalus species in terms of spore density, species richness and Shannon–Wiener diversity index of AMF. So that most of the three indices were observed in A. arabica. Also, spore density showed a negative correlation with soil sand percentage and phosphorus amount, as well as a positive correlation with soil clay percentage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
  • colonization
  • semi-arid region
  • species richness

مراجع

- Absalan, M.R., Nadian, H. and Jafari, S., 2014. Investigating the effect of mycorrhizal colonization on phosphorus absorption of berseem clover in sterile and non-sterile soil in Khuzestan. Proceedings of 13th Iranian Soil Science Congress on Sustainable Soil, Sustainable Production. Ahvaz, Iran, 28-30 Jan. 2014: 4p.
- Allen, M.F., 2007. Mycorrhizal fungi: Highways for water and nutrients in arid soils. Vadose Zone Journal, 6(2): 291-297.
- Arriagada, C.A., Herrera, M.A., Garcia-Romera, I. and Ocampo, J.A., 2004. Tolerance to Cd of soybean (Glycine max) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal and saprobe fungi. Symbiosis, 36: 285-99.
- Bahrami Nezhad, M., 2015. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with almond in Baft and investigation of mycorrhizal symbiosis on dry tolerance of two almond rootstock. MSc. thesis, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, 163p (In Persian).
- Biermann, B. and Linderman, R.G., 1981. Quntifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrihizae: A proposed method towards standardization, New Phytol, 87: 63-67.
- Bouyoucos, G.J., 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54(5): 464-465.
- Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S., 1982. Nitrogen—total: 595-624. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1159p.
- Brundrett, M., 1991. Mycorrhizas in natural ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research, 21: 171-313.
- Calvet, C., Estaún, V., Camprubí, A., Hernández-Dorrego, A., Pinochet, J. and Moreno, M.A., 2004. Aptitude for mycorrhizal root colonization in Prunus rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 100(1-4): 39-49.
- Dotzler, N., Walker, C., Krings, M., Hass, H., Kerp, H., Taylor, T.N. and Agerer, R., 2009. Acaulosporoid glomeromycotan spores with a germination shield from the 400-million-year-old Rhynie chert. Mycological Progress, 8: 9-18.
- Elahi, M., 2013. Identification of mycorrhizal fungi symbiotic with Amygdalus orientalis and its effects on phosphorus concentration of leaf and soil in the Semiroms Tang Khoshk Forest Reserve. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, 108p (In Persian).
- Hajian Shahri, M. and Abbasi, M., 2005. Variation of spores vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhiza population in pistachio natural forest soil in north of Khorassan. Sciences and Techniques of Agricultural and Natural Resources, 8(4): 77-85.
- Hashem, A., Alqarawi, A. A., Al-Huqail, A. A. and AbdAllah, E.F., 2018. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Acacia gerrardii Benth in different habitats of Saudi Arabia. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 50(3): 1211-1217.
- Jafarian, N., 2017. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with some of trees and shrubs species in calcareous soils. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran, 148p (In Persian).
- Jafarian, N., Mirzaei, J., Moradi, M. and Heydari, M., 2018. Biodiversity and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with some species of Zagros forest. Forest and Wood Products, 71(1): 35-47.
- Jahanbazi Goujani, H., Talebi, M. and Iranmanesh, Y., 2006. Investigation of 20 years growth rate of quantitative parameters of plantation forests by Amygdalus scoparia in destroyed area of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Proceedings of National Conference on the Future of Iran's Forests. Karaj, Iran, 21-23 Feb. 2004: 80-81 (In Persian).
- Mahdhi, M., Tounekti, T., Abada, E., Al‐Faifi, Z. and Khemira, H., 2020. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with acacia trees in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 60(4): 322-330.
- Manimegalai, V., Selvaraj, T. and Ambikapathy, V., 2011. Studies on isolation and identification of VAM fungi in Solanum viarum Dunal of medicinal plants. Advances in Applied Science Research, 4: 621-628.
- Mehravaran, H. and Minassian, V., 1984. A survey of Citrus mycorrhizal fungi in Iran. Journal of Scientific Agriculture, 9: 16-27.
- Mirzaei, J. and Heydari, M., 2014. Relationship between environmental factors, colonization and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Amygdalus scoparia in Zagros forests. Iranian Journal of Forest, 6(4): 445-456.
- Mirzaei, J. and Noorbakhsh, N., 2015. Isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the roots and rhizosphere of Amygdalus scoparia Spach in Zagros forests (Case study: Kolm reservoir in Ilam province). Iranian Journal of Forests and Rangelands Protection Research, 13(1): 46-56.
- Moreno, G., Obrador, J.J. and García, A., 2007. Impact of evergreen oaks on soil fertility and crop production in intercropped dehesas. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 119(3-4): 270-280.
- Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A., 1954. Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 19p.
- Page, S.E., Wűst, R.A.J., Weiss, D., Rieley, J.O., Shotyk, W. and Limin, S.H., 2004. A record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene carbon accumulation and climate change from an equatorial peat bog (Kalimantan, Indonesia): implications for past, present and future carbon dynamics. Journal of Quaternary Science, 19(7): 625-635.
- Phillips, J. M. and Hayman, D.S. 1970. Improved procedure for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection, Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 55: 158-161.
- Requena, N., Perez-Solis, E., Azcón-Aguilar, C., Jeffries, P. and Barea, J.M., 2001. Management of indigenous plant-microbe symbioses aids restoration of desertified ecosystems. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(2): 495-498.
- Rezaee Danesh, Y., 2013. Study on status of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with barley in Damghan Region, Iran. Journal of Plant Protection, 26(4): 437-449.
- Schenck, N.C. and Pérez, Y., 1990. Manual for the Identification of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, Third Edition. Synergistic Publications, Gainesville, Florida, 286p.
- Shokrollahi, S.h., Moradi, H.R. and Dianati Tilaki, Gh.A., 2012. Effects of soil properties and physiographic factors on vegetation cover (Case study: Polur Summer Rangelands). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 19(4): 655-668.
- Sjöberg, J., 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi – occurrence in Sweden and interaction with a plant pathogenic fungus in barley. PhD thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 53p.
- Walkley, A. and Black, I.A., 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1): 29-38.
- Wehner, J., Antunes, P.M., Powell, J.R., Mazukatow, J. and Rilling, M.C., 2010. Plant pathogen protection by arbuscular mycorrhizas: A role for fungal diversity. Pedobiologia, 53(3): 197-201.
- Wilkes, T.I., 2021. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture. Encyclopedia, 1(4): 1132-1154.
Bouamri, R., Dalpé, Y., Serrhini, M.N. and Bennani, A., 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species associated with rhizosphere of Phoenix dactylifera L. in Morocco. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(6): 510-516.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار