جداسازی و شناسایی قارچ (Boletales: Paxillaceae) Paxillus involutus به‌عنوان همزیست اکتومیکوریزایی صنوبر و تأثیر آن بر تنش خشکی در کبوده (.Populus alba L)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه بیماری‌شناسی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

10.22092/ijfpr.2022.360008.2068

چکیده

کم‌آبی و روند افزایش گرما در سال‌‌های اخیر، محدودیت‌‌هایی را برای کشت و پرورش صنوبر ایجاد کرده‌اند. قارچ‌‌های اکتومیکوریز، نقش مؤثری در افزایش تحمل گیاهان در مواجهه با تنش‌‌های آبی، شوری و دفاع در برابر آفات و بیماری‌‌ها دارند. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، جداسازی و شناسایی ریخت‌شناختی و مولکولی قارچ‌‌های اکتومیکوریز از رویشگاه‌‌های صنوبر استان گیلان (شفارود، گیسوم و صفرابسته) انجام گرفت. براساس این اطلاعات، قارچ اکتومیکوریز Paxillus involutus به‌عنوان همزیست صنوبر شناسایی و معرفی شد. از میسلیوم این قارچ برای تلقیح به گیاه‌چه‌‌‌‌های کبوده (.Populus alba L) در شرایط گلخانه و بررسی تأثیر آن بر پارامترهای رشدی گیاه در شرایط تنش خشکی و آبیاری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که برقراری ارتباط همزیستی بین گیاه‌چه‌‌‌‌های کبوده و P. involutus موفقیت‌آمیز است. به‌طوری‌که صفات رشدی شامل وزن تر و خشک ریشه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه، وزن تر برگ، سطح برگ و ارتفاع ساقه در گیاه‌چه‌‌‌‌های تلقیح‌شده با این قارچ همزیست نسبت به گیاه‌چه‌‌‌‌های تیمار شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بودند (01/0P<). همچنین، P. involutus با کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی بر کبوده سبب افزایش توان تحمل گیاه‌چه‌‌‌‌های میکوریزی شد. براساس این یافته‌ها، وجود سیستم هماهنگ قارچ- گیاه می‌‌تواند نقش مؤثری در بهبود عملکرد درختان کبوده در شرایط تنش خشکی ایفا کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and characterization of Paxillus involutus (Boletales: Paxillaceae) as an ectomycorrhizae of poplar and its effect on drought stress in White poplar (Populus alba L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Sepasi 1
  • A. Taheri 2
  • S.M. Zamani 3
  • M. Jahani 4
  • M.E. Farashiani 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Department of Plant Pathology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent years, increasing temperature and water deficiency have caused restrictions on poplar cultivation. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) play an effective role in increasing plant tolerance against water stress, salinity, and the defense of plants against pests and diseases. In this study, isolation, morphological and molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi of three poplar habitats in Guilan province (Shafaroud, Gisoom and Safra-basteh sites) in Iran was carried out. Based on morphological and molecular data, the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus was identified as poplar ectomycorrhizae. Fungal mycelium was used to inoculate seedlings of Populus alba L. in the greenhouse condition, and the effect of the ectomycorrhizal fungus on the plant growth parameters was measured in water stress and irrigation. The results showed that establishing a symbiotic relationship between poplar seedlings and ectomycorrhizal fungus P. involutus was successful. Moreover, inoculation of the symbiotic fungus positively affected improving the growth characteristics of the inoculated plants. Thus, symbiotic seedlings with ectomycorrhizal fungus were significantly different from the non-mycorrhizal seedlings in plant growth variables including root fresh and dry weight, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and stem height (p<0.01). Also, the use of symbiotic fungus reduced the negative effects of water deficit stress on poplar seedlings and increased the tolerance in the mycorrhizal plants. Based on these findings, a coordinated plant-fungal system plays an effective role in improving the performance of poplar plants under water-stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
  • inoculation
  • Populus
  • seedling

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