کمی‌سازی تخریب مشخصه‌های ساختاری در عرصه‌های زراعت زیرآشکوب بلوط ایرانی (.Quercus brantii Lindl) در بوم‌سازگان زاگرس

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دکتری علوم جنگل، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان کرمانشاه، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دکتری اقلیم‌شناسی، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان کرمانشاه، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان کرمانشاه، سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 استادیار، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، پردیس انرژی و محیط زیست، تهران، ایران

چکیده

معیشت سنتی و وابسته جوامع محلی زاگرس به جنگل باعث شده است تا زیرآشکوب بخش وسیعی از عرصه‌های جنگلی زاگرس زراعت دیم شوند. در پژوهش پیش‌رو فرایندهای تخریب‌کننده مشخصه‌های ساختاری در عرصه‌های زراعت زیرآشکوب جنگل‌های شهرستان گیلانغرب بررسی شده است. مشخصه‌های کمی و کیفی (گونه، فرم رویشی (شاخه‌زاد یا دانه‌زاد)، قطر برابر سینه، ارتفاع، قطرهای بزرگ و  کوچک تاج، سلامت، وجود پایه‌های قطع‌شده و تخریب‌شده) درختان موجود در عرصه‌های زراعت زیرآشکوب آماربرداری صددرصد شدند. از آمار سال‌های 1400-1380 دفتر ثبت تخلف‌های اداره منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری شهرستان برای محاسبه تعداد و حجم درختان حذف‌شده استفاده شد. باتوجه‌به عدم وجود داده‌های قطر درختان در سال 1380، برای آشکارسازی تغییرهای ساختاری نمونه‌هایی از مقطع قطر در ارتفاع برابر سینه در جهت شعاعی با استفاده از مته سال‌سنج تهیه و مقدار افزایش قطر محاسبه شد. نتایج محاسبه تغییر سطح تاج درختان در عرصه‌های کاسه‌کران، اول‌ویار و چشمه‌پهن نشان داد که سطح تاج به‌ترتیب از 54686 به 43180، از 15830 به 12762 و از 22232 به 19064 مترمربع کاهش داشت. نمودار پراکنش تعداد درختان در طبقه‌های قطری موجود در هر دو مقطع زمانی مورد مطالعه نشان داد که فراوانی تعداد درختان در طبقه‌های قطری در سه منطقه مورد مطالعه در مقطع زمانی دوم نسبت به مقطع زمانی اول کاهش داشت. در مناطق کاسه‌کران، اول‌ویار و چشمه‌پهن، حجم کل در سال 1380 به‌ترتیب 153، 5/1174 و 6/565 مترمکعب بود که به‌ترتیب به 144، 822 و 515 مترمکعب در سال 1400 رسید. مقایسه میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t جفتی در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد نشان داد که اختلاف بین میانگین موجودی حجمی در دو مقطع زمانی برای اول‌ویار و چشمه‌پهن و سطح تاج درختان در هر سه عرصه معنی‌دار بود. باتوجه‌به اینکه تخریب ساختاری عرصه‌های زراعت زیرآشکوب طی زمان اتفاق افتاده است، پیشنهاد می‌‌شود علاوه بر اقدام‌های معمول حفاظتی که توسط دستگاه‌های ذی‌ربط انجام می‌شودف این عرصه‌ها به‌طور خاص مورد پایش قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantification of the destruction of structural characteristics in the areas of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) slash and burn agricultural areas in Zagros ecosystems

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Javanmiri Pour 1
  • A. Hassanzadeh 2
  • R. Parvaneh 3
  • Z. Mashayekhi 4
1 Corresponding Author, Ph.D. in Forest Sciences, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Ph.D. in Climatology, Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Kermanshah, Iran
3 M.Sc. Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Faculty of Energy and Environment. Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

     Local communities' traditional and dependent livelihood results in many parts of the Zagros ecosystem being slash‐and‐burn agricultural areas. The current study examines the destructive processes of structural components in the slash and burn agriculture in Zagros forests. Quantitative and qualitative factors of all trees were recorded through one-by-one sampling. Quantitative data include species type, a vegetative form (coppice or standard method), diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, large diameter and small diameter of a crown, tree health, and cut and destroyed roots proportion. Violations reports of natural resources were hired during 2001-2021 to calculate the number and volume of removed trees in three sites. Samplings were taken from the diameter at the breast height in the radial direction via an increment borer to detect differences in 2021 compared to 2001. Therefore, the diameter increase was calculated. The calculating results of the canopy area in 2021 and extracting it in 2001 in the Kasehkaran, Avalviar, and Cheshmeh Phan sites showed that the canopy area has decreased from 54686 to 43180, from 15830 to 12762, and from 22232 to 19064 m2, respectively. The distribution diagram of trees frequency in the diameter classes in studied times showed that the frequency of the number of trees in the three studied areas decreased in the second period compared to the first period. The total volume in 2001 was 153, 1174.5, and 565.6 m3, respectively, which in 2021 decreased to 144, 822, and 515 m3 in the Kasehkaran, respectively the Avalviar, and Cheshmeh Pahn. The removed trees in various ways in these areas include 118, 523, and 132, respectively, over 20 years. Comparing the means results using paired t-test with a probability of 99% showed that the difference between the means of volume factor in the two periods for Avalviar and Cheshmeh Pahn and the tree crown area is significant for the studied three habitats. Although the shifting agriculture extent may seem to have remained the same, its structural degradation has occurred over time. Therefore, these areas should be specifically protected by the appropriate agencies in addition to the regular protection measures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Slash and burn farming
  • canopy
  • frequency
  • density
  • volume
  • quality status

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