تغییر شکل هوموس تحت تأثیر تیپ‌های مختلف جنگلی و سال‌های متفاوت پس از عملیات بهره‌برداری

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دکترای مهندسی جنگل، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

نوع لاش‌برگ تولیدی درختان به‌عنوان عامل تأثیرگذار بر فرایندهای بوم‌شناختی و تشکیل افق‌های خاک، نقش کلیدی در وضعیت و عملکرد بوم‌سازگان جنگل دارد. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، شکل هوموس در تیپ‌های متفاوت جنگلی طی بازه‌های زمانی مختلف پس از عملیات بهره‌برداری (شش، 10 و 20 سال) در مسیرهای چوب‌کشی جنگل‌ خیرود در شهرستان نوشهر بررسی شد. هر مسیر چوب‌کشی با سه تکرار در توده‌های راش خالص، راش- ممرز و راش آمیخته شناسایی شد. درمجموع، 81 پروفیل با اندازه‌های 30×30 سانتی‌متر مربع در آن‌ها حفر شد تا با استفاده از پیشنهاد گروه هوموس اروپا طبقه‌بندی شوند. نتایج نشان داد که هوموس مول، غالب‌ترین سیستم هوموس در لاش‌برگ توده‌های راش آمیخته و راش‌- ممرز بود، درحالی‌که فراوان‌ترین آن در لاش‌برگ راش خالص به هوموس آمفی تعلق داشت. در مسیر چوب‌کشی تحت لاش‌برگ راش آمیخته، اولیگومول فراوان‌ترین شکل هوموس بود، درحالی‌که یومزوآمفی، یوماکروآمفی و هیمومودر به‌عنوان رایج‌ترین شکل‌های هوموس در مسیرهای تحت لاش‌برگ راش خالص شناسایی شدند. سیستم‌های هوموس مشاهده‌شده در مسیرهای چوب‌کشی شش و 10 ساله شامل مول، آمفی و مودر بودند، درحالی‌که در مسیر چوب‌کشی 20 ساله فقط هوموس‌های مول و آمفی مشاهده شدند. بیشترین ضخامت افق‌های آلی (1/10 سانتی‌متر) در مسیر چوب‌کشی 20 ساله تحت لاش‌برگ راش خالص به‌دست آمد، درحالی‌که بیشترین ضخامت افق آلی- معدنی (8/3 سانتی‌متر) در لاش‌برگ متعلق به توده راش آمیخته در همان مسیر چوب‌کشی مشاهده شد. با گذشت 20 سال، هوموس در تیپ جنگلی راش آمیخته در مقایسه با منطقه دست‌نخورده به شکل اولیه خود نزدیکتر شده بود و شرایط بهتری را برای بهبود وضعیت خاک داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The variability of humus form in different forest types and different years after skidding operations

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Sohrabi 1
  • M. Jourgholami 2
1 Corresponding author, Ph.D. of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

     The type of litter produced from trees as an influencing factor in ecological processes and the formation of soil horizons plays a key role in the function of the forest ecosystem. In this study, the form of humus was investigated in different forest types on skid trails in different time intervals after skidding operation (6, 10 and 20 years) in Kheyrud forest of Nowshahr County, Iran. Each skid trail was identified with three replications in pure beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), beech-hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and mixed beech stands. In total, 81 profiles with dimensions of 30×30 cm2 were drilled in them to be classified using the European Humus Group proposal (EHGP). The mull of the most dominant humus was under the mixed beech litter, while in the pure beech litter the amphi humus was the most abundant system of humus. Three types of humus mull, moder and amphi were observed in the skid trail under beech-hornbeam litter. Oligomull was the most abundant form of humus mull in the skid trail under mixed beech litter, while in the trails under pure beech Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi and Hemimoder were the most common forms of humus. The highest thickness of the organic horizons in the 20-year skid trail was under pure beech litter (10.1 cm), while the highest thickness of the organic-mineral horizon was under mixed beech litter (3.8 cm). After 20 years, the humus form in the mixed beech forest stand has become closer to its original form compared to the undisturbed area and has provided better conditions for improving the soil condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Humus classification
  • Hyrcanian forests
  • organic horizons
  • skidding operations
  • tree litter

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