بررسی علت‌های عدم تمایل دامداران به خروج دام از جنگل‌های شهرستان گالیکش

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری رشته آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

خروج دام از جنگل، یک عامل ضروری برای پایداری این بوم‌سازگان است. با وجود اجرای برنامه‌‌های حفاظت از جنگل‌های کشور‏، تداوم حضور دام به‌عنوان یکی از دلایل کاهش وسعت پوشش گیاهی در جنگل‌‌های ایران محسوب می‌شود. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ پیش­رو با هدف بررسی علت‌های عدم تمایل دامداران به خروج دام از جنگل در شهرستان گالیکش استان گلستان انجام شد. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﯿﻮه نمونه‌گیری ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ چندمرحله‌ای، 150 ﻧﻔﺮ از دامداران ساکن در روستاهای حاشیه جنگل در دو بخش مرکزی و لوه شهرستان گالیکش به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهش اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار جمع‌آوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ روایی محتوایی و ظاهری آن توسط کارشناسان ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ شد. برای تعیین اعتبار پرسش‌نامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که مقدار آن 89/0 به‌دست آمد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد که 12 عامل مؤثر بر عدم تمایل دامداران به خروج دام از جنگل شامل وابستگی به شغل دامداری، عدم اعتقاد به طرح سامان‌دهی خروج دام از جنگل، فقدان جایگاه مناسب نگهداری دام، ضعف بنیه مالی، تعلقات آباواجدادی، برخورداری از حقوق قانونی چرای دام، عدم کفایت تسهیلات مالی اعطاشده، فقدان مشارکت، هزینه زیاد دامداری صنعتی، فقدان آموزش توجیهی، عدم همکاری مناسب نظام بانکی و نیز سودمندی چرای دام در جنگل هستند. این عامل‌ها 07/64 درصد از واریانس کل عوامل مرتبط با عدم تمایل دامداران به خروج دام از جنگل را تبیین می‌‌کردند. اجرای برنامه‌‌های آموزشی توانمندساز و ایجاد تنوع در منابع معیشت دامداران به‌منظور افزایش تمایل آن‌ها به خروج دام از جنگل، مفید خواهند بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An investigating on causes for rancher’s unwillingness to livestock exclusion from the forests of the Galikesh County, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M.R. Mahboobi 1
  • Z. Teimouri 2
1 Corresponding author, Associate Prof., Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Agricultural Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

    Despite the implementation of forest protection programs during the last decade, the continued presence of livestock is one of the reasons for vegetation decline in Iran's forests. Therefore, livestock exclusion is an important necessity for forest conservation. This study was done with the aim of investigating the causes for rancher’s unwillingness to livestock exclusion from forest in Galikesh County in Golestan province of Iran. Using multistage random sampling method, 150 ranchers living in the bordering villages of the forest in Central and Loveh Districts in Galikesh County were selected as research samples. Data was collected using questionnaires with content and validity confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire, which returned the value of 0.89. The results showed that 12 factors were responsible for the ranchers’ unwillingness to livestock exclusion from forest, which included dependence on ranching occupation, disbelief in the Plan for Organizing Livestock Exclusion from Forests, lack of a suitable place to keep livestock, weak financial strength, ancestor affiliations, legal rights to graze livestock, insufficiency of granted financial facilities, lack of participation, high cost of industrial livestock, lack of justification training, lack of proper cooperation of the banking system and belief in usefulness of livestock grazing in the forest, which explained 64.07% of the total variance of the factors related to the ranchers’ unwillingness to livestock exclusion from forest. Implementing empowerment training programs and creating diversity in ranchers' livelihoods resources is one of the suggestions of this study for increasing willingness for livestock exclusion from forest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest conservation
  • livelihood diversification
  • participation
  • ranchers

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