تجزیه‌وتحلیل رویش قطری وی‌‌ول (.Quercus libani Oliv) تحت تأثیر گلازنی در جنگل‌‌های زاگرس شمالی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، گروه جنگل‌‌داری، دانشکده منابع‌‌ طبیعی و مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگل‌‌داری زاگرس شمالی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌‌داری، دانشکده منابع ‌‌طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 استاد، گروه جنگل‌‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع‌‌ طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع‌‌ طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

گلازنی، یک سیستم جنگل‌‌- چرایی سنتی است که از فعالیت‌‌های اصلی آن می‌توان به قطع سرشاخه‌‌های جوان درختان بلوط در دوره سه/چهارساله برای تغذیه دام اشاره کرد. به‌نظر می‌‌رسد که ساختار جنگل، معماری درختان و رویش آن‌ها تحت تأثیر این فعالیت‌‌ها قرار می‌‌گیرند. پژوهش پیش­رو با هدف مقایسه رویش قطری درختان وی‌ول (Quercus libani Oliv.) در سامان‌‌های عرفی و طبقه‌‌های قطری و تحلیل اثر گلازنی بر رویش و روند تغییرات آن انجام شد. 16 اصله درخت وی‌‌ول با قطرهای مختلف در پنج سامان عرفی (شاخص رفتار مالکان عرفی با جنگل) در جنگل‌‌های آرمرده شهرستان بانه قطع شدند. پهنای حلقه‌‌های رویشی سالانه در دیسک‌‌های تهیه‌شده از این درختان با استفاده از میز لینتب مجهز به بینوکولار با دقت 01/0 میلی‌‌متر اندازه‌‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین رویش قطری سالانه وی‌ول (78/1 میلی‌متر) تحت تأثیر طبقه‌‌های قطری و رفتار مالکان عرفی قرار نداشت. مقایسه میانگین رویش قطری در سال‌‌های پس از گلازنی نشان داد که رویش قطری در سال اول پس از گلازنی (34/1 میلی‌متر) نسبت به سال‌‌های دوم تا چهارم (به‌ترتیب 11/2، 76/2 و 19/3 میلی‌متر) به‌طور معنی‌‌داری کمتر بود. باتوجه‌به روند تغییرات این مشخصه و به‌منظور بهبود وضعیت رویش، افزایش پایداری درختان و بهبود ساختار جنگل ضروری است که ضمن افزایش طول دوره گلازنی به حداقل پنج سال، بیشینه قطر مجاز برای گلازنی درختان نیز محدود شود. برپایه نتایج این پژوهش، گلازنی درختان با قطر بیشتر از 30 تا 35 سانتی‌‌متر سبب کاهش شدید رویش قطری آن‌ها می‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis the diameter increment of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) under Galazani- a traditional silvopastoral system- in northern Zagros Forests of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Valipour 1
  • S. Ebrahimi 2
  • M. Namiranian 3
  • Kh. Ahmadaali 4
1 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 M.Sc. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

   Galazani (pollarding) is a traditional silvopastoral system, which comprises disbranching and defoliation of oak trees to provide livestock fodder. This affects forest stand structure, tree architecture and growth. This study aimed to compare diameter increment between households’ forests (conventional territories) in different diameter classes and analyzing the effect of Galazani on both diameter increment and its trends. To obtain the goals, 16 Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) trees in the Armardeh forest in the Kurdistan Province, western Iran, distributed in five family territories (as an indicator of how local owners treat their own forest) from different diameters were cut. The width of annual rings of the cross-sectional discs, which were taken from the trees, were measured via a LINTAB table equipped by a binocular with a precision of 0.01 mm. Results showed that mean annual increment (1.78 mm) was not significantly different amongst various diameters nor amongst different owners. Mean comparisons of diameter increment in the years after Galazani indicated that the increment in the first year after Galazani (1.34 mm) was significantly less than the second (2.11 mm), third (2.76 mm) and fourth (3.19 mm) years. The trend of diameter increment enhances the tree stability and supports forest structure in order to improve the tree growth. Furthermore, it is necessary to both extend Galazani rotation to at least five years and to limit its maximum allowable diameter. Based on our findings, practicing Galazani in large diameter trees (30 to 35 cm) significantly reduces diameter increment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Armardeh
  • conventional territory
  • Galazani
  • increment trend
  • silvopastoral
  • traditional forestry

مراجع

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