بررسی مسلح‌سازی خاک براساس تغییرات چسبندگی در حضور ریشه درختان ممرز (.Carpinus betulus L)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع‌‌ طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه ژئوتکنیک، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران

4 استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع ‌‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

5 استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری و علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ساساری، ساساری، ایتالیا

چکیده

مقدار چسبندگی ظاهری خاک در حضور ریشه از معیارهای مهم در مسلح‌سازی خاک است. در پژوهش پیش‌‌رو با استفاده از دو مدل WWM (Wu-Waldron Model) و FBM (Fiber Bundle Model) مقدار چسبندگی خاک بررسی شد. هفت درخت ممرز (Carpinus betulus L.) در هرکدام از سه رویشگاه مورد بررسی در سری یک جنگل سرچشمه چالوس انتخاب شدند. برای بررسی پراکنش ریشه‌‌ها از روش حفر پروفیل و برای اندازه‌‌گیری مقاومت کششی از دستگاه اینسترون استاندارد استفاده شد. براساس نتایج، نسبت سطح ریشه به سطح خاک (RAR) با افزایش عمق کاهش یافت. بیشینه شاخص RAR ‌‌برای هر سه رویشگاه در 40 سانتی‌متری ابتدایی خاک مشاهده شد و بیشینه عمق ریشه‌دوانی نیز 60 سانتی‌‌متر‌‌ بود.‌‌ کمینه و بیشینه مقاومت کششی در رویشگاه اول 11/52 تا 323/42، رویشگاه دوم 6/89 تا 318/79 و رویشگاه سوم 6/91 تا 312/66 مگاپاسکال به‌ترتیب در دامنه قطر ریشه برای رویشگاه اول 0/5 تا 9/45، رویشگاه دوم 0/56 تا 9/21 و رویشگاه سوم 0/45 تا 9/32 میلی‌متر برآورد شدند. همچنین، متوسط چسبندگی ریشه در تمام عمق‌‌ها با استفاده از مدل WWM‌‌ در رویشگاه اول 4/04 تا 61/37، در رویشگاه دوم 5/7 تا 53/18 و در رویشگاه سوم 4/6 تا 46/66 کیلوپاسکال و با استفاده از مدل FBM‌‌ در رویشگاه اول‌‌ 1/22 تا 27/48، در رویشگاه دوم 1/87 تا 24/22 و در رویشگاه سوم 1/85 تا 19/04 کیلوپاسکال به‌دست آمد. مقایسه دو مدل مذکور باعث افزایش شناخت از ویژگی‌های زیست‌فنی ممرز و تعیین دقیق‌‌تر مقدار مسلح‌سازی خاک شد. از این یافته‌ها می‌توان در آینده در مدیریت پدیده‌های طبیعی مانند زمین‌لغزش استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of soil reinforcement according to the root cohesion changes in hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Karamirad 1
  • M. Lotfalian 2
  • E. Shooshpasha 3
  • Hamid Jalilvand 4
  • F. Giadrossich 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2 Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Geotechnic, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
4 Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
5 Prof., Forestry and Environmental Science, Department of Agriculture, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
چکیده [English]

The degree of soil cohesion investigation through the presence of roots is one of the important criteria in soil reinforcement studies. In this study, the investigation and comparison of the degree of soil cohesion have been carried out using two models of WWM and FBM. For this purpose, seven hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) trees were selected in each three sites of chalos sarcheshme forest, series one. Then profile trenching method was used to analyze and compare root distribution and standard instron device have been measured tensile strength, respectively. The root area ratio (RAR) has decreased with increasing depth, and the maximum value of RAR in the three sites is seen at about 40 cm from the beginning, and the maximum depth of rooting is 60 cm. The results confirmed that there was a power law relationship between root diameter and tensile strength. The minimum and maximum tensile strength was estimated at 11.52-323.42, 6.89-318.79 and 6.91-312.66 MPa, in diameter range of 0.5-9.45,0.56-9.21,0.45-9.32 in the first, second and third site, respectively. In all three sites, the amount of soil cohesion through the presence of roots using the WWM model was 4.04-61.37,5.7-53.18,4.6-46.66 kpa and in FBM model the root cohesion in all depth was 1.22-27.48,1.87-24.22,1.85-19.04 kpa in the first, second and third site, respectively. Comparison of these two models increases our knowledge of the biomechanical features of the hornbeam species and more accurately determines the amount of soil reinforcement to be used in the future in the management of natural phenomena such as landslides.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioengineering
  • FBM model
  • root tensile strength
  • soil stability
  • WWM model

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