مشخصه‌های روشنه‌‌های پوشش تاجی در جنگل‌های راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) بهره‌برداری‌شده و شاهد

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان، گرگان، ایران

5 کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان مازندران، نوشهر، ایران

چکیده

جنگل‌های هیرکانی، بوم‌سازگان‌های نادر و منحصربه‌فردی هستند که حفظ و پایداری آن‌ها ضروری است. روشنه‌ها به‌عنوان بخشی از یک فرایند کلی در ایجاد و تثبیت ساختار جنگل‌های هیرکانی و پویایی جامعه آن نقش دارند. این پژوهش به‌دنبال شناسایی اختلاف‌های احتمالی در مشخصه‌های روشنه‌ها بین دو راشستان بهره‌برداری‌شده و شاهد است. برای این منظور، قطعه‌های 114 (شاهد) و 115 (بهره‌برداری‌شده) از سری یک طرح لیوان- بنفش‌تپه در استان گلستان برای مقایسه برخی از مشخصه‌های روشنه (نسبت سطح روشنه‌ها به کل منطقه‌های مورد بررسی، توزیع فراوانی روشنه‌ها در طبقه‌های مختلف سطح، تعداد روشنه در هکتار و وضعیت درختان روشنه‌ساز) انتخاب شدند. در این قطعه‌ها، همه روشنه‌ها با سطح بیشتر از 100 متر مربع که درختان روشنه‌ساز و یا کنده درخت در آن‌ها موجود بود، شناسایی و ثبت شدند. نسبت سطح روشنه‌ها به سطح منطقه مورد بررسی در قطعه‌های شاهد و بهره‌برداری‌شده به‌ترتیب 10/7 و 6/3 درصد به‌دست آمد. متوسط تعداد روشنه‌ها از 1/4 روشنه در هکتار در قطعه بهره‌برداری‌شده تا 2/9 در قطعه شاهد متغیر بود. الگوی پراکنش روشنه‌ها تا فاصله‌های 30 (بهره‌برداری‌شده) و 40 (شاهد) متری، تصادفی و پس‌ازآن کپه‌ای بود. اختلاف‌های دو قطعه موردنظر از نظر مشخصه‌های بررسی‌شده در روشنه‌ها معنی‌دار نبودند که عدم تأثیر قابل‌توجه مدیریت بر آن‌ها را نشان می‌دهند. به‌‌رغم عدم معنی‌داری اختلاف‌های بین دو قطعه که ناشی از شدت برداشت کم در قطعه بهره‌برداری‌شده بود، تنوع زیستی جنگل‌های هیرکانی همواره باید مورد توجه باشد تا با مدیریت نادرست در معرض خطر قرار نگیرد. در غیر این‌صورت ممکن است اثرات جبران‌ناپذیری بر بوم‌سازگان قطعه‌های بهره‌برداری‌شده وارد شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on gap characteristics in the managed and intact oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • P. Parhizkar 1
  • M. Hassani 2
  • H. Ghorbani 3
  • A. Karimidoust 3
  • M. Maghsudloo 4
  • M.H Sadeghzadeh Hallaj 2
  • R. Babatabar Malekshah 4
  • R. Mousavi 5
1 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, IranGorgan,I.R. Iran
4 Senior Forest Expert, Golestan Natural Resources and Watershed Management Administration, Gorgan, Iran
5 Senior Forest Expert, Mazandaran Natural Resources and Watershed Management Administration, Nowshahr, Iran
چکیده [English]

Hyrcanian forests are rare and unique ecosystems and their sustainability is essential. Gaps, as part of a general process, help to establish and stabilize the structure of the Hyrcanian forests and the dynamism of its society. This study seeks to identify possible differences in the gap characteristics in the two managed and intact compartments. For this purpose, compartments No. 114 (intact) and No. 115 (managed) from district one of Livan-Banafshtapeh forestry plan in Golestan province of Iran were selected to compare some gap characteristics (gap fraction, distribution of gap sizes, number of gaps per hectare and status of gapmaker trees). In these compartments, all gaps>100 m2 caused by mortality of at least one tree with remnants of the gapmaker or detectable tree stumps, were identified and recorded. The results showed that the gap fraction in the intact and managed compartments was 10.7% and 6.3%, respectively. The average number of gaps varied from 1.4 ha-1 in the managed to 2.9 ha-1 in the intact compartment. The spatial pattern of gaps was randomly spaced up to a distance of 30 (managed) and 40 (intact) meters and then reached the cluster pattern. The differences between the characteristics in the two compartments were not statistically significant and management did not have a significant effect on these variables. However, no significant differences between the two compartments were due to the low harvest intensity in the managed compartment. The biodiversity of Hyrcanian forests must always be taken into account so that it is not endangered by mismanagement; otherwise irreparable effects on the ecosystem of the managed compartment may occur.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dead wood
  • decay classes
  • forest management
  • gapmaker trees
  • single-tree selection
  • spatial pattern

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