اثر گونه‌های درختی پهن‌برگ بر مشخصه‌های شیمیایی و میکروبی خاک در جنگل جلگه‌ای نور

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکترای جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

    مشخصه‌‌های خاک جنگل می‌‌تواند به‌شدت تحت تأثیر فصل و گونه‌‌ درختی باشد، اما پژوهش‌های اندکی، تأثیر تک‌درختان در فصل‌های مختلف را بر مشخصه‌‌های خاک بررسی کرده‌اند. در پژوهش پیش‌رو که در جنگل جلگه‌‌ای نور واقع در شمال کشور انجام گرفت، تأثیر چهار گونه‌‌ درختی درختی انجیلی (Parrotia persica (DC.) C. A. Mey.)، اوجا (Ulmus minor Miller)، بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) و سفیدپلت (Populus caspica Bornm.) بر ویژگی­های شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در دو فصل خزان (آبان 1395) و رویش (شهریور 1396) بررسی شد. با انتخاب پنج تکرار از هر گونه، نمونه‌‌های خاک از عمق 15 سانتی‌‌متری در چهارطرف تنه اصلی درختان برداشت شد. این نمونه‌ها تا روز آزمایش در دمای چهار درجه سانتیگراد نگهداری شدند. سپس، مشخصه‌‌های شیمیایی (کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن) و شاخص‌‌های میکروبی خاک (تنفس پایه، کربن و نیتروژن زی‌‌توده میکروبی و نسبت آن‌‌ها) اندازه‌‌گیری و محاسبه شد. به‌منظور بررسی آماری مشخصه‌‌ها از تجزیه واریانس دوطرفه و برای مقایسه میانگین‌‌ها از آزمون چنددامنه‌ای دانکن استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که برخلاف شاخص‌‌های میکروبی، مشخصه‌‌های شیمیایی خاک تحت تأثیر تغییرات فصل قرار نمی‌گیرند. کربن زی‌‌توده میکروبی، نسبت کربن به نیتروژن زی‌‌توده و درصد کربن آلی در خاک بستر بلندمازو بیشتر بود، درحالی‌که بیشترین نیتروژن زی‌توده میکروبی و درصد نیتروژن کل و کمترین نسبت کربن به نیتروژن در خاک بستر سفیدپلت مشاهده شد. در یک نتیجه‌گیری کلی، سفیدپلت به‌دلیل‌های ذکرشده می‌‌تواند شرایط مناسب‌‌تری را برای فعالیت‌‌های میکروبی نسبت به گونه‌‌های دیگر فراهم کند، بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود که این گونه برای بهبود کیفیت خاک منطقه موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of broadleaved tree species on chemical and microbial soil properties in plain forest of Noor

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadbagher Mahmoodi 1
  • Yahya Kooch 2
  • Atena Kianmehr 1
1 Ph.D. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

    Forest soil characteristics can be strongly influenced by tree species and seasons. A few studies have been carried on the effect of single trees in different seasons on soil characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the effect of Parrotia persica (DC.) C. A. Mey., Ulmus minor Miller, Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey. and Populus caspica Bornm. species on some of chemical and microbial features of topsoil were considered in the fall (November 2016) and summer (August 2018) seasons in plain forest of Noor city (Mazandaran province, northern Iran). Five replication of each species was regarded; soil samples were taken from 15 cm of depth under tree canopy cover from four sides of the tree trunk and kept at 4° C for experimentation. Afterward, some chemical characteristics [i.e. organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N) and C/N ratio], and microbial indices [i.e., basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and their ratio] were measured and calculated. Two-way ANOVA and the Duncan multiple tests were employed to analyzing statistical characteristics. Results showed that seasonal changes, in spite of significant differences in microbial indices, had no effect on chemical characteristics. The highest MBC, MBC/MBN ratio, and organic carbon content were observed in the soil of Q. castaneifolia, while MBN and total N content were higher in soil of P. caspica. The findings indicated that P. caspica due to having the highest MBN, total N, and lowest C/N ratio, creates better conditions for microbial activities than other species and can be considered to improve soil quality in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Basal respiration
  • carbon
  • microbial biomass
  • nitrogen
  • single tree

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