تأثیر مالچ‌‌های آلی بر کاهش مقدار رسوب مسیرهای چوبکشی در جنگل خیرود

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری مهندسی جنگل، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی،استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج،

4 دانشیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

     یکی از فعالیت‌های مهم مهندسی جنگل، تلاش برای کاهش رسوب در مسیرهای چوب‌کشی است. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، تأثیر استفاده از مالچ‌‌های مختلف با نرخ‌های متفاوت بر کاهش مقدار رسوب مسیرهای چوب‌کشی و مقایسه آن با مسیر چوب‌کشی بدون تیمار (فاقد مالچ) و جنگل شاهد (دست‌نخورده) بررسی شده است. این پژوهش به‌مدت 13 ماه (شهریور 1396 تا مهر 1397) در بخش نم‌‌خانه جنگل خیرود نوشهر در شرایط بارندگی طبیعی انجام شد. قطعه‌‌نمونه‌های شش متر مربعی در قالب سه تکرار برای تعیین مقدار رسوب استفاده شدند. سه تیمار مالچ طبیعی شامل خاک‌‌اره، لاش‌برگ و سرشاخه و کلش برنج با سه نرخ متفاوت (براساس وزن مواد) مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین مقدار رسوب مربوط به جنگل دست‌‌نخورده (شاهد) و بیشترین مقدار متعلق به مسیر چوب‌کشی بدون تیمار بود. در مقایسه با مسیر چوب‌کشی بدون تیمار، استفاده از مالچ‌‌های خاک‌‌اره، کلش برنج و لاش‌برگ و سرشاخه به‌ترتیب سبب کاهش مقدار رسوب به‌‌‌اندازه 1/13، 2/10 و 3/7 برابر شد. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، استفاده از مالچ به‌‌ویژه خاک‌‌اره سبب کاهش معنی‌دار مقدار رسوب تولیدی در مسیرهای چوب‌کشی می‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of organic mulches on the sediment reduction of the skid trails in the Kheyrud forest, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoume Ahmadi 1
  • Meghdad Jourgholami 2
  • Baris Majnounian 3
  • Shahram Khalighi-Sigaroodi 4
1 Ph.D. of Forest Engineering, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

     The role of forest engineering is crucial for restoring and reclaiming of skid trails, one of these being to reduce sediment yields along the trails. This study aimed to measure sediment yield in the skid trails covered by different organic mulches and to compare it with an untreated trail and control plot (i.e., undisturbed forest). This research was conducted for 13 months (from September 2017 to October 2018) in the Namkhaneh district, Kheiroud forest, Nowshahr under the natural rainfall condition. Six-square-meter plots were used in three replications to determine the amount of sediment. Three natural mulch treatments were used in this study, including sawdust, leaf litter, and straw, and there were mulched at three different rates (based on material weight). The highest and lowest amount of sediment was obtained in the untreated skid trail and undisturbed forest, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the application of sawdust, straw, and leaf litter mulches reduced the sediment yield by 13.1, 10.2, and 7.3 times compared to the untreated trail, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that the application of mulches, especially sawdust, has a significant impact on sediment reduction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest hydrology
  • leaf litter
  • sawdust
  • soil compaction
  • straw

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