ارزیابی و پهنه‌‌بندی تناسب اراضی برای جنگل‌‌‌کاری با استفاده از روش فازی تحلیل شبکه‌‌ای (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز سقزچی‌چای، اردبیل)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

     با گسترش روزافزون جنگل‌زدایی، افزایش فرسایش خاک و رسوب در پایین‌دست حوزه‌‌‌‌های آبخیز، ضرورت توسعه جنگل در این مناطق آشکارتر می‌شود. در همین راستا، پیش از هرگونه اجرای پروژه جنگل‌کاری ‌‌باید مکان‌یابی مناطق مستعد و ارزیابی توان بوم‌شناختی منطقه مورد توجه قرار گیرد. هدف اصلی پژوهش پیش‌رو، بررسی قابلیت توسعه جنگل در حوزه آبخیز سقزچی‌چای شهرستان نمین استان اردبیل با استفاده از روش‌های ارزیابی چندمعیاره بود. ابتدا نقشه‌‌‌های کاربری سال‌‌های 1989 و 2019 با روش ماشین بردار پشتیبان با صحت کلی 5/95 درصد و ضریب کاپا 91/0 تهیه شد. با مقایسه دو نقشه فوق، اراضی جنگلی تخریب‌شده شناسایی شدند. این اراضی به‌عنوان مکان‌های با اولویت احیا و غنی‌سازی جنگل در منطقه معرفی شدند. در ادامه، 12 معیار با استفاده از روش‌های تحلیل شبکه‌‌ای و فازی به‌ترتیب وزن‌دهی و هم‌مقیاس شدند. درنهایت، روی‌‌هم‌گذاری لایه‌‌ها با روش ترکیب خطی وزنی انجام و نقشه تناسب جنگل‌‌کاری تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که 81/28 درصد از منطقه مورد مطالعه، پتانسیل زیاد یا خیلی زیادی برای توسعه جنگل دارند. معیارهای بارش، درجه‌حرارت و عمق خاک به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل برای توسعه جنگل شناخته شدند. تلفیق نتایج پتانسیل توسعه جنگل با کاربری فعلی جنگل نشان داد که 94/41 درصد از سطح جنگل‌‌های فعلی منطقه مورد مطالعه در طبقه با توان زیاد یا خیلی زیاد و 1/41 درصد نیز در طبقه با پتانسیل متوسط برای توسعه جنگل قرار گرفته‌اند. درمجموع، حوزه آبخیز سقزچی‌‌‌‌چای، قابلیت توسعه جنگل را داشت. همچنین، مدل فازی تحلیل شبکه‌‌ای (ANP Fuzzy) به‌خوبی قادر به شناسایی مناطق مناسب برای توسعه جنگل بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and zoning for reforestation using the ANP fuzzy method (Case study: Saqezchichay Watershed, Ardabil, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farahnaz Rashidi 1
  • Daryosh Naseri 2
1 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing the expansion of deforestation in forested areas and increasing soil erosion and sediment in downstream of watersheds there necessitates forest development in those areas. So, before any forestry project, site selection of prone areas and land capability evaluation should be considered. The aim of this research was to study forest expansion capability using multi-criteria evaluation method in Saqezchichay watershed located in Namin, Ardabil province. First, land use maps for years 1989 and 2019 were prepared using the Support Vector Machine algorithm (Kappa coefficient = 0.91 and overall accuracy = 95.5%). Then, the degraded forestlands were identified and introduced as priority sites for reforestation. In the next step, 12 criteria were weighted using Analytical Network Process and were transformed to the same scale using the Fuzzy method. Finally, all layers were overlaid by the WLC method and resulted in a forestry capability map. Results showed that 28.81 percent of this area have a high or very high potential for reforestation. Moreover, precipitation, temperature, and soil depth were recognized as the most important criteria. The integrated map of the current forest area and the potential map revealed 41.94 percent of the current forest area was in an area with high or very high potential class, whereas 41.1 percent was located in an area with a moderate potential class for forest expansion. Based on the results, the study area has the capability for forest expansion. In addition, the ANP Fuzzy approach was able to identify suitable areas that are appropriate for forest expansion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest expansion
  • land capability evaluation
  • multi-criteria evaluation
  • weighted linear combination

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