اثر وسعت و منشأ روشنه‌‌‌های پوشش تاجی بر ترکیب پوشش‌‌ گیاهی و بانک ‌‌بذر‌‌ خاک در توده‌‌های آمیخته و خالص راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم جنگل، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع ‌طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌ طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

     برای مشخص شدن اثر روشنه‌‌های پوشش‌‌ تاجی بر ترکیب پوشش ‌‌گیاهی روزمینی و بانک ‌‌بذر‌‌ خاک در توده‌‌های آمیخته و خالص راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky)، روشنه‌‌های طبیعی و مصنوعی با مساحت‌‌های مختلف در طرح جنگل‌داری حاجیکلا- تیرانکلی ساری بررسی شدند. روشنه‌‌ها در سه طبقه مساحت شامل روشنه‌‌های کوچک (کمتر از 150 متر مربع)، متوسط (بین 150 تا 350 متر مربع) و بزرگ (350 تا 500 متر مربع) طبقه‌بندی شدند. گروه‌‌بندی پوشش‌‌ گیاهی روزمینی در رابطه با این روشنه‌‌ها با تحلیل تطبیقی قوس‌گیری‌‌شده (DCA) انجام شد. همچنین، تشابه ترکیب گیاهی پوشش روزمینی با عمق‌های اول و دوم بانک بذر خاک ازطریق تشابه جاکارد بررسی شد. براساس نتایج، 71 گونه گیاهی در منطقه مورد مطالعه حضور داشتند که 26 گونه آن فقط در پوشش روزمینی، 24 گونه فقط در بانک بذر خاک و 21 گونه به‌‌صورت مشترک در پوشش روزمینی و بانک بذر خاک مشاهده شدند. گونه‌های Carex sylvatica Huds.، Carex riparia Curtis،Rubus hyrcanus Juz. وHypericum androsaemum L. گونه‏هایی بودند که در بیشتر موقعیت‌‌های مورد مطالعه، بیشترین حضور را در بانک بذر خاک داشتند. ترکیب گیاهی پوشش روزمینی روشنه‌‌ها با ترکیب بانک بذر خاک متفاوت بود. ضریب تشابه جاکارد نشان داد که تشابه ترکیب گیاهی بانک بذر خاک با پوشش روزمینی متناظر در روشنه‌‌های متوسط و کوچک و قطعه‌نمونه‌های شاهد در هر دو توده راش خالص و آمیخته، کمتر از روشنه‌‌‌‌های بزرگ بود. همچنین، تشابه بیشتری بین بانک بذر خاک و پوشش روزمینی در عمق اول خاک (صفر تا پنج سانتی‌‌متر) نسبت به عمق دوم خاک (پنج تا 10 سانتی‌‌متر) مشاهده شد. این تفاوت‌‌ها به‌ویژه با‌ توجه ‌به تغییر تشابه بانک بذر و پوشش گیاهی با تغییر اندازه روشنه بیانگر لزوم توجه به برنامه‌‌‌‌های مدیریتی و احیایی متناسب با هریک از خردزیستگاه‌‌‌های حاصل از روشنه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of size and origin of canopy gaps on plant composition and soil seed bank in the mixed and pure beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shirzad Geraili 1
  • Mehdi Heidari 2
  • Javad Mirzaei 2
  • vahid etemad 3
  • Mehrdad Zarafshar 4
1 Ph.D. Graduated, Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Associate Prof, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Prof, Research Division of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

     To study the effect of canopy gaps on aboveground plant composition and permanent soil seed bank in mixed and pure stands of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky), artificial and natural canopy gaps with different sizes considered at the Hajikola-Tirankli forest plan, Sari. All canopy gaps were grouped in different classes including small (less than 150 m2), medium (150-350 m2), and large (350-500 m2) sizes. The variation of aboveground vegetation composition in response to the gap characteristics was surveyed by Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and similarity of the aboveground vegetation with soil seed bank in the two depths was compared using the Jaccard similarity index. In total, 71 plant species were identified in the region, from which 26 belonged to above ground, 24 species to soil seed banks and 21 species were similar for both sections. Species such as Carex sylvatica Huds. Carex riparia Curtis, Rubus hyrcanus Juz. and Hypericum androsaemum L. were dominant in the soil seed bank. In addition, results showed that plant composition in vegetation differed with a soil seed bank. The Jaccard similarity index indicated that the similarity rate of aboveground vegetation and the corresponding seed banks under large gaps was higher than those of small/medium gaps and control plots. Moreover, the similarity rate between soil seed bank in the upper layer (0-5 cm) with above-ground vegetation composition was higher compared with the deeper layer (5-10 cm). These differences, especially with regard to the variation of similarity between the soil seed bank and vegetation across a range of gap sizes calls for increased attention to management and rehabilitation measures that are appropriate for each of the microhabitats created by the canopy gaps.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aboveground vegetation
  • Jaccard index
  • plant composition
  • seed

مراجع

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