پراکنش درختان کهن‌سال و ویژگی‌‌های بوم‌‌شناختی رویشگاه‌های‌‌ آ‌‌ن‌ها در استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

2 مربی پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،‌‌ تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

     این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی درختان کهن‌سال و ویژگی‌های رویشگاه‌‌ آن‌‌ها در استان مازندران انجام شد. با گردآوری اطلاعات، استفاده از منابع محلی و عزیمت به نواحی مختلف استان، بیشتر از 182 اصله درخت کهن‌سال مکان‌یابی شد. از 33 گونه شناسایی‌شده، بیشترین فراوانی (30 پایه) متعلق به بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) بود. آزاد (Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.) Dipp.) با 29 پایه و چنار (Platanus orientalis L.) با 21 پایه در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار داشتند. کمترین تعداد نیز در گلابی وحشی (Pyrus Boissieriana Buhse)، انجیلی (Parrotia persica (DC.) C. A. Mey.)، لرگ (Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach)، زیتون (Olea europaea L.) و شب‌‌خسب (Albizzia Julibrissin Durazz.) مشاهده شد. از دستاوردهای مهم این پژوهش، شناسایی و ثبت قطورترین و بلندترین درخت بلندمازو ایران با 4/60 متر ارتفاع بود. اماکن مذهبی و مناطق جنگلی بیشترین درختان کهن‌سال را داشتند. درختان کهن‌سال شناسایی‌شده از ساحل تا دامنه ارتفاعی 3000 متر از سطح دریا و به‌طور عمده در شرایط مسطح پراکنش داشتند. همچنین، در دامنه ارتفاعی کمتر از 400 متر از سطح دریا، فراوانی این درختان بیشتر بود. درختان کهن‌سال با میانگین قطر بیشتر در ارتفاع 400 تا 1600 متر از سطح دریا حضور داشتند. در شیب‌های کمتر از 60 درصد، تاج درختان کهن‌سال گسترده‌تر بود. بلندمازو و چنار به‌عنوان گونه‌های با بیشترین دامنه گسترش بوم‌شناختی از سواحل تا ارتفاعات کوهستانی در ناحیه هیرکانی شناخته شدند. کهن‌سال‌ترین درختان، چنار کجور (سن 850 تا 900 سال)، سرخدار گزو سوادکوه (390 تا 440 سال)، ارس گریوده بابل (850 تا 950 سال)، بلندمازو بندپی (550 تا 600 سال) و پلت تنکابن (650 تا 700 سال) بودند. از مهم‌ترین رویشگاه‌‌های کهن‌سال می‌توان به سوردار لاویچ، جواهرده رامسر، حسن‌‌‌‌آباد چالوس، کردمیر چهاردانگه ساری و پارک جنگلی نور اشاره کرد که به حفاظت جدی نیاز دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution of old trees and their ecological sites characteristics in the Mazandaran Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ehsan Sadati 1
  • Mostafa Khoshnevis 2
  • Hasan Ghelichnia 3
  • Ramezan Ali Khorrami 1
  • Seifolla Khorankeh 4
1 Assistant Prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
2 Senior Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Associate prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
4 Senior Research Expert, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran
چکیده [English]

      As part of project of identification and introducing old trees of Iran, this study was conducted to identify the old trees of the Mazandaran province and their ecological characteristics. Based on comprehensive field survey, 182 old trees were identified and recorded. Thirty three trees and shrub species were identified, among them chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) with 30 trees was the most frequent species. Also, Siberian elm (Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.) Dipp.) with 29 trees and plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) with 21 trees, followed by wild pear (Pyrus Boissieriana Buhse), ironwood (Parrotia persica (DC.) C. A. Mey.), false walnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach), olive (Olea europaea L.), silk tree (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.) were the recorded species. The species of Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey. as the highest diameter and longest tree (60.4 m) in Iran was identified and its information was recorded. The long-lived trees were generally in sea side to 3000 m altitude. The most distribution was found in none slope and aspects (flat). Also the old trees had the most frequency in 400> m class. The highest mean diameter were in 400-1600 m and the highest crown area recorded at the slope range of 0 to 60%. The oldest tree in the province was estimated to be an 850-900 years old plane in Kinj, followed by an individual yew (Taxus baccata L.) of 400-450 years old in Gazo of Savadkouh, a juniper (Juniperus excels M. B.) with 850-950 years old in Babol, a Quercus castaneifolia with 550-600 years old in Bandpey of Babol, and a maple tree (Acer velutinum L.) of 650-700 years old in Tonekabon. The sites embracing the old trees included Sordar, Javaherdeh in Ramsar, Hassanabad in Chaloos, Kordmir of Chahardangeh-Sari, and Nour forest park, which should be specifically protected.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crown area
  • high diameter trees
  • Hyrcanian forests
  • longevity
  • topography
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