تحلیل ساختار جنگل‌های زاگرس با استفاده از شاخص‌های مبتنی بر نزدیک‌ترین همسایه (پژوهش موردی: جنگل‌های قلعه‌گل خرم‌آباد)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری

2 استادیار دانشگاه لرستان

3 کارشناس ارشد جنگلداری

چکیده

بررسی ساختار جنگل برای درک بسیاری از مسائل در اکولوژی و مدیریت جنگل ضروریست. در این تحقیق با استفاده از آماربرداری صددرصد محدودهای بهوسعت 32 هکتار در منطقه پرک قلعهگل استان لرستان، ساختار گونههای موجود با استفاده از مجموعهای از شاخصها موردبررسی قرار گرفت. برای بررسی ساختار از شاخصهای کلارک و اوانز، زاویه یکنواخت، شانون- وینر، آمیختگی، اندازه مساحت تاجپوشش و اختلاف مساحت تاجپوشش استفاده شد. شاخصهای مذکور به بررسی تنوع موقعیت مکانی، تنوع گونهای و تنوع ابعاد درختان میپردازند. براساس نتایج بهدستآمده، میانگین شاخصهای کلارک و اوانز و زاویه یکنواخت بهترتیب 0/80 و 0/47 محاسبه شد که نشاندهنده توزیع کپهای است. میانگین شاخصهای شانون- وینر و آمیختگی نیز بهترتیب 0/25 و 0/06 محاسبه شد. با توجه بهاینکه سهم قابلتوجهی از منطقه موردمطالعه از گونه بلوط ایرانی تشکیل شده است، ارزش شاخص آمیختگی کم محاسبه شد. مقدار میانگین شاخص اندازه مساحت تاجپوشش 0/50 محاسبه شد که نشاندهنده غالببودن ابعاد تاج گونههای بلوط ایرانی، کیکم، زالزالک و گلابی و مغلوببودن گونههای شن و ارژن است. همچنین مقدار شاخص اختلاف مساحت تاجپوشش که به کمیسازی اختلافات موجود بین درختان مجاور یکدیگر از نظر سطح تاجپوشش میپردازد، برای کل درختان موجود در منطقه 0/48 محاسبه شد که نشاندهنده اختلاف آشکار بین درختان از نظر سطح تاجپوشش است. نتایج پژوهش پیشرو نشان داد که جنگل منطقه پرک استان لرستان از نظر تنوع زیستی در وضعیت نگرانکننده و نامناسبی قرار دارد و باید با برنامهریزی مناسب از این روند کاهشی تنوع زیستی که طی سالیان اخیر شدت گرفته است، جلوگیری کرد. البته این جنگل از نظر موقعیت مکانی و تنوع ابعاد درختان هنوز در وضعیت مناسبی قرار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Zagros forest structure using neighborhood-based indices (Case study: Ghalehgol forest, Khorramabad)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Peiman Farhadi 1
  • Javad Soosani 2
  • Kamran Adeli 2
  • Vahid Alijani 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Forestry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, I.R. Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, I.R. Iran
3 M.Sc. Forestry, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Analysis of forest structure is essential for enhanced understanding of forest ecology and management. In this study, the spatial structure of the existing species in Perk district of Ghaleh Gol site in Lorestan Province was explored. To this end, a 32-hectare region was 100% surveyed. To investigate the spatial structure, we used a set of indices including the Clark and Evans, uniform angles, Shannon-Wiener, mingling, Crown canopy and Crown canopy differentiation indices. The results showed the average values of 0.8 and 0.47 for Clark and Evans and uniform angles indices, respectively. This indicated random and cluster distribution patterns. In addition, Mean values of 0.25 and 0.06 were returned by Shannon - Weiner and mingling indices. Due to the dominant Oak coverage within the study area, Blend Low Index was additionally calculated. The mean Crown Canopy Index of 0.5 turned out a canopy dominance of Quercus  brantii, Acer cineracense, Crataegus sp. and Pyrus syriaca  over Lonicera nomularifolia and Amygdalus sp.. Moreover, the Crown Canopy Differentiation Index was calculated to quantify the differences between the levels of crown canopy in adjacent trees. This returned a mean value of 0.48 for the entire trees, which reflects the difference between the tree canopy levels. The results showed that the study site is currently undergoing an inappropriate biodiversity for woody species which yet shows better conditions compared to similarly-structured stands in the region. As a conclusion, proper forest planning measures should be carried out to prevent the recently experienced consistent loss of biodiversity. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest structure
  • spatial diversity
  • species diversity
  • dimensional diversity
  • Perk forest of Ghale Gol
- Aguirre, O., Hui, G., Gadow, K.V. and Jimenez, J. 2003. An analysis of forest structure using neighborhood-based variables. Forest Ecology and Management, 183: 137-145.
- Akhavan, R. Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Hassani, M. and Parhizkar, P. 2010. Spatial patterns in untouched beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands over forest development stages in Kelardasht region of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(2): 322-336 (In Persian).
- Alijani, V., Feghhi, J., Zobeiri, M. and Marvi Mohadjer, M. 2012.Quantifying the spatial structure in hyrcanian submountain forest (Case study: Gorazbon district of Kheirud Forest-Nowshahr-Iran). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 65(1): 111-125 (In Persian).
- Alijani, V. and Feghhi, J. 2012. Investigation on the Elm (Ulmus glabra Hudson) spatial structure to applying for sustainable management (Case study: Gorazbon district, Kheirud Forest). Iranian Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(60): 35-44 (In Persian).
- Bakus, G.J. 2004. Quantitative Analysis of Mapping Biological Communities. John Wiley, 435p.
- Basiri, R., Sohrabi, H. and Mozayan, M. 2006. A statistical analysis of the spatial pattern of tree species in Ghamisheleh Marivan region, Iran. Iranian Journal of Natural Resource, 59(3): 579 -588 (In Persian).
- Biber, P. and Weyerhaeuser, H. 1998. Numerical methods for characterizing structure and diversity applied to a natural tropical forest and even aged Teak stand. In: Mies, E. 1998 (Ed.), Natural and Socioeconomic Analysis and Modeling of Forest and Agroforestry Systems in Southeast Asia. Published by the German Foundation for International Development, Germany, 83-104.
- Corral, J.J., Wehenkel, C., Castelanos, H.A., Vargas, B. and Dieguez, U. 2010. A permutation test of spatial randomness: application to nearest neighbor indices in forest stands. Journal of Forest Research, 15: 218-225.
- Daneshvar, A., Rahmani, R. and Habashi, H. 2007. The heterogeneity of structure in mixed beech forest (Case study: Shastkalateh, Gorgan). Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, 14(4): 20-31 (In Persian).
- Erfani Fard, S.Y., Zobeiri, M., Feghhi, J. and Namiranian, M. 2007. Estimation of crown cover on aerial photographs using shadow index (Case study: Zagros Forests, Iran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 15(3): 278-288 (In Persian).
- Erfani Fard, S.Y., Feghhi, J., Zobeiri, M. and Namiranian, M. 2008. Investigation on the spatial pattern of trees in Zagros forests. Iranian Journal of Natural Resource, 60(4): 1319-1328 (In Persian).
- Eslami, A.R. and Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. 2007. Investigation on the structure of pure and mixed beech forests in north of Iran. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 77: 39-46 (In Persian).
- Gadow, K.V., Zhang, C.Y., Wehenkel, C., Pommerening, A., Corral-Rivas, J., Korol, M., Myklush, S., Hui, G.Y., Kiviste, A. and Zhao, X.H. 2012. Forest Structure and Diversity, Springer.
- Graz, P.F. 2006. Spatial diversity of dry savanna woodlands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15: 143-1157.
- Graz, P.F. 2004. The behavior of the species mingling index Msp in relation to species dominance and dispersion. European Journal of Forest Research, 123: 87-92.
- Hassani, M. and Amani, M. 2010. Investigation on structure of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand at optimal stage in Sangdeh Forest. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(2): 163-176 (In Persian).
- Hui, G., Li, L., Zhonghua, Z. and Puxing, D. 2007. Comparison of methods in analysis of the tree spatial distribution pattern. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(11): 4717-4728.
- Kint, V., Lust, N., Ferris, R. and Olsthoorn, A.F.M. 2000. Quantification of forest stand structure applied to scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) forests. Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales, 1: 147-163.
- Kint, V., Wulf Robert, D. and Noel, L. 2004. Evaluation of sampling methods for the estimation of structural indices in forest stands. Ecological Modeling, 180: 461-476.
- Kunstler, G., Curt, T. and Lepart, L. 2004. Spatial pattern of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus pubescens Mill.) seedling in natural pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodland. European Journal of Forest, 123:331-337.
- Mataji, A. and Namiranian, M. 2003. Investigation the structure and evolution process of beech forests natural stands in north of Iran (Case study: Kheyrood-Kenar, Nowshahr). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 55(4): 531-541 (In Persian).
- Mouro, S.M., García, L.V., Marañón, T. and Freitas, H. 2007. Recruitment patterns in a Mediterranean oak Forest: A case study showing the importance of the spatial component. Forest Science, 53(6): 645-652.
  -Nuro aldini, S.A., Eslam bonyad, A. and Porshakori, F. 2012. Classification of the forest canopy on aerial photographs using histological analysis (Case study: Taf Forest, Lorestan). Iranian Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS, 3(4): 33-46 (In Persian).
- Pommerening, A. 2002. Approaches to quantifying forest structures. Forestry, 3: 305-324.
- Pommerening, A. 2006. Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 224: 266-277.
- Pommerening, A. and Stoyan, D. 2006. Edge-correction needs in estimating indices of spatial forest structure. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 36: 1723-1739.
- Ruprecht, H., Dhar, A., Aigner, B., Oitzinger, G., Raphael, K. and Vacik, H. 2010. Structural diversity of English yew (Taxus bacata L.) populations. European Journal of Forest Research, 129: 189-198.
- Safari, A., Shabanian, N., Erfanifard, S.Y., Heidari, R.H. and Purreza, M. 2010. Investigation of the spatial pattern of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) (Case study: Bayangan Forests, Kermanshah). Iranian Journal of Forest, l(2): 177-185 (In Persian).
- Soosani, J. 2008. Visualization and monitoring of forest cover changes in Zagros (Case study: Kakareza Forest in Khoramabad city), Ph.D. thesis, University of Tehran, 92p (In Persian).
- Zobeiri, M. 2007. Forest Biometry. University of Tehran Press, 405p (In Persian).