بانک بذر خاک و پوشش گیاهی روزمینی در پارک جنگلی چیتگر تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌شناسی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

با گذشت حدود پنج دهه از کاشت درختان پارک جنگلی چیتگر، تاکنون مطالعه‌ای در زمینه بانک بذر در این منطقه انجام نشده است. پژوهش پیش‌رو برای نخستین بار ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‌ای ﭘﻮﺷﺶ گیاهی روزمینی ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺧﺎک این جنگل‌کاری ﭘﺮﺩاﺧت. سی قطعه‌نمونه 450 متر مربعی در سطح منطقه پیاده شد. نمونه‌برداری از بانک بذر خاک در هر قطعه‌نمونه با استفاده از یک قاب 400 سانتی‌متر مربعی در دو عمق صفر تا پنج و پنج تا 10 سانتی‌متری انجام شد و ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‌ای ﺑﺎﻧﮏ بذر ﺧﺎک به‌ﺭﻭﺵ کشت گلخانه‌ای ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ شد. براساس نتایج، در مطالعه پوشش گیاهی روزمینی، 62 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ گیاهی از 22 خانواده و در مطالعه بانک بذر خاک 29 گونه از 13 خانواده شناسایی شدند. همه گونه‌های موجود در بانک بذر خاک در پوشش گیاهی روزمینی حضور داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که ﭘﻮﺷﺶ گیاهی روزمینی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺧﺎک اﺯ ﻏﻨﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﻪای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩاﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ. تشابه زیاد گونه‌های بانک بذر خاک و پوشش گیاهی روزمینی گویای این مطلب بود که بانک بذر خاک منطقه قابلیت احیای پوشش گیاهی روزمینی را دارد، اما با توجه به عدم مشاهده گونه درختی در بانک بذر خاک می‌توان گفت که احیای جوامع درختی فقط با تکیه بر جوانه‌زنی بذر از بانک بذر خاک عملی نیست. به‌دلیل ساختار و نوع پوشش گیاهی قبلی منطقه که جنگل نبوده است، درنهایت گرایش طبیعی منطقه به سوی گونه‌های غیرجنگلی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil Seed Bank and above-ground vegetation at Chitgar Forest Park of Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Moosavi 1
  • Hamid Jalilvand 2
  • Hamed Asadi 3
1 M.Sc. Student Silviculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Ph.D. Student Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]

After over five decades of establishing plantations in Chitgar Forest Park in Tehran, no study has yet been carried out on the soil seed bank in this region. This study aimed to investigate the composition of above-ground vegetation and soil seed bank. Therefore, 30 releves were established with 450m2 area each. For sampling soil seed bank within each releve, two samples were randomly collected by hammering a 400 cm2 into the soil to a depth of 5-10. Following this, the soil seed bank was estimated using the seedling emergence method. All in all there were 22 families and 62 species in above-ground vegetation and 29 species from 13 families were identified in the seed bank. All species in the soil seed bank were present in the above-ground vegetation. The results also showed that the above-ground vegetation included a higher species richness than the soil seed bank. High similarity of the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation showed that the soil seed bank has the potential for reclamation of above-ground vegetation, but the lack of tree species in the soil seed bank hampers the practicability of the reforestation with an emphasis on seed germination of the soil seed bank. Furthermore, because of the structure and the type of the previous above-ground vegetation across the test site, the natural tendency of the area is towards the non-forest species.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Above-ground vegetation
  • DCA
  • Soil seed bank
  • Species richness

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