بررسی مقدماتی درختان مقاوم به آتش در استان گیلان (مطالعه موردی جنگل نقله‌بر، حوضه 18 رشته‌رود)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان

4 کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

آتش عامل طبیعی و معمول تمام بوم‌سازگان‌ها است که به‌شدت تحت تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی قرار دارد. اولین اثرات قابل مشاهده آتش‌سوزی در جنگل از بین بردن پوشش گیاهی است که در نتیجه آن توده جنگلی به نفع گونه‌های مقاوم تغییر می‌یابد. گونه‌های مختلف گیاهی و ازجمله درختان با توجه به ویژگی‌های خود واکنش‌های متفاوتی را دربرابر حوادث طبیعی و ازجمله آتش‌سوزی از خود نشان می‌دهند. پژوهش پیش‌رو به‌منظور بررسی گونه‌های درختی مقاوم به آتش در جنگل نقله‌بر از مناطق جنگلی رستم‌آباد شهرستان رودبار در استان گیلان انجام شد که در سال 1389 به‌شدت از آتش‌سوزی خسارت دیده بود. تیپ جنگلی منطقه مورد مطالعه انجیلی- ممرزستان است که با بلندمازو، راش، آزاد و پلت آمیخته شده است. از آماربرداری صددرصد برای تعیین میزان خسارت وارده به تنه و تاج درختان استفاده شد و از نمونه‌برداری تصادفی برای تعیین میزان زادآوری گونه‌ها استفاده شد. نتایج بررسی براساس آزمون‌های آماری نشان داد که گونه‌های موجود تفاوت معنی‌داری را ازنظر مقاومت به آتش نشان می‌دهند. ازنظر میزان سوختگی، مقاوم‌ترین و حساس‌ترین گونه‌ها دربرابر آتش به‌ترتیب بلندمازو و انجیلی بودند. آزاد بیشترین زادآوری جنسی و غیرجنسی را پس از آتش‌سوزی داشت و بیشترین رشد ارتفاعی نهال‌ها نیز در بلندمازو دیده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A preliminary study of fire-resistant trees in the forests of Guilan province (Case study: Noqlebar Forest, Watershed number 18 Reshterood)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mas'oud Amin Amlashi 1
  • Mostafa Jafari 2
  • Merdad Ghodskhah 3
  • Mansour Salehi 4
  • Mas'oud Alidoost 4
1 Senior Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
4 Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
چکیده [English]

Fire is an integral factor in many forest ecosystems and is strongly influenced by human activities. The first visible effect of forest fire is destroying the existing vegetation, which results in the forest stand being host to more resistant species. Different plant species, including trees, show different responses to natural disasters such as fire according to their characteristics. In this study the fire resistant tree species in the Noghlehbar Rostamabad forest of Roudbar in Guilan province was investigated, since the area has been heavily damaged by fire in 2010. The area contained Parrotia-Carpinetum forest community, accompanied by oak, beech, maple and elem. In this study was used a full calipering method to determine the amount of damages to the trunk and crown, and a random sampling was used to determine species regeneration. The statistical tests revealed a significant difference between species in terms of their fire resistance. In addition, Oak was shown to be of highest fire resistance, while the Iron tree was of lowest one.  The Elem species was able to produce the highest rate of post-fire regeneration, and the highest growth rate was observed in the Oak tree seedlings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Guilan
  • regeneration
  • fire- resistant species
  • wildfires

مراجع

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