بررسی دقت برآورد ترسیب کربن روی زمینی پلت (Acer velutinum Bioss.) در جنگل‌های هیرکانی با استفاده از روش‌های تخریبی و غیرتخریبی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جنگل‌داری، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری، صنایع چوب و کاغذ مازندران

3 کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری نوشهر

چکیده

 خشکسالی و بحران محیط زیستی ناشی از پدیده گرمایش زمین و تغییرات اقلیم یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های عصر حاضر محسوب می‌شود. از آنجایی‌که جذب دی‌اکسیدکربن اتمسفر به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عامل گرمایش زمین در اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی بسیار مهم است، برآورد صحیح ترسیب کربن در اجزای درختان یکی از راه‌حل‌های مهم برای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت بحران پیش‌رو است. در پژوهش پیش‌رو 20 درخت پلت (Acer velutinum Bioss.) با حداکثر چهار تکرار در طبقات قطری مختلف در جنگل‌های اشتروش چمستان انتخاب شدند و پس از قطع به دو قسمت تنه و تاج تقسیم‌بندی شدند. سپس چگالی ویژه و ضریب کربن بخش‌های مختلف آنها به‌دست آمد. برآورد روش غیرتخریبی ترسیب کربن از حاصل‌ضرب حجم بخش‌های مختلف (تنه، تاج)، چگالی ویژه و ضریب کربن به‌دست آمد. مدل‌سازی آلومتریک نیز با استفاده از روش توزین کلیه بخش‌های استحصال‌شده با استفاده از اندازه‌گیری ضریب خشکی هر بخش انجام شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از آزمون تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که ضریب کربن اندازه‌گیری‌شده بین بخش‌های مختلف درخت معنی‌دار نبود، در صورتی‌که تغییرات چگالی ویژه بین تاج و بخش‌های پایینی و میانی تنه درختان معنی‌دار بود. مدل‌سازی آلومتریک نشان داد که مدل نمایی بازتبدیلی شامل قطر برابر سینه و قطر تاج به‌عنوان مدل بهینه با حداکثر دقت پیش‌بینی ترسیب کربن روی زمینی درختان پلت بود. برای مقایسه دقت برآورد روش‌های مذکور، نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از آزمون t جفتی بین مشاهدات و برآورد به‌دست‌آمده از روش غیرتخریبی نشان داد که برآورد ترسیب کربن روی زمینی (زی‌توده تنه + زی‌توده تاج) درختان پلت دارای عدم قطعیت زیاد و غیر قابل اعتماد بود. درمقابل، نتایج آزمون t جفتی بین خروجی‌های کلیه مدل‌ها و مشاهدات نشان داد که آلومتریک بهینه ترسیب کربن روی زمینی درختان پلت با حداکثر اعتماد دارای قطعیت برآورد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the estimated accuracy of destructive and non-destructive methods of aboveground carbon sequestration of velvet maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.) in Hyrcanian forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asghar Vahedi 1
  • Khashayar Salar 2
  • Alireza Bijaninejad 3
1 Ph.D. Forestry, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
2 M.Sc. Forestry, Wood & Paper Industry of Mazandaran
3 M.Sc. Forestry, Nowshahr Natural Resources and Watershed Management Office
چکیده [English]

Drought and environmental crisis caused by climate change are amongst the most crucial challenges in Iran. Due to the essential importance of absorbing CO2, the most crucial factor of global warming, in forest ecosystems, accurate estimation of carbon sequestration in different parts of the trees is of high significance for forest planning and management under climate change scenarios. In this study, 20 velvet maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.) individuals distributed in different diameter classes were initially felled and divided into separate parts of bole and crown. The specific wood density and carbon factor of each fraction and their product were directly calculated and used for non-destructive method to estimate above-ground carbon sequestration (AGC). Allometric equations were developed by weighing of harvested tree parts and measuring each section’s drought coefficient. The ANOVA revealed no tree-specific significant difference among carbon factors. However, the specific wood density was significantly different among the each part of tree individuals. Allometric models showed that the highest accuracy of AGC (R2adj = 0.98, RMS = 0.101, CF = 1.05) was achieved by the exponential model considered re-conversional equation that included DBH and crown diameter. The result of paired t-test showed that the non-destructive estimation method was associated with the highest uncertainty with the low confidence (S% = 318.4, t = -3.5). However, the result of paired t-test between the observations and predictions of the optimal allometric model here showed that the aforementioned model estimation was confident (S% = 22.6, t = 1.36).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • MAPLE
  • Carbon sequestration
  • specific wood density
  • Allometric equations

مراجع

- Aboal, R.J., Arevalo, R.J. and Fernandez, A., 2005. Allometric relationships of different tree species and stand above ground biomass in the Gomeralaurel forest (Canary Islands). Flora, 200: 264-274.
- Ajit, D., Das, K., Chaturvedi, O.P., Jabeen, N. and Dhyani, S.K., 2011. Predictive models for dry weight estimation of above and below ground biomass components of Populus deltoides in India: development and comparative diagnosis. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35: 1145-11152.
- Allen, S.E., Grimshaw, H.M. and Rowland, A.P., 1986. Chemical analysis: 285-344. In: Moore, P.D. and Chapman, S.B. (Eds.). Method in Plant Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Press, Oxford, London.
- Anonymous, 2004. West of Haraz Management Project, District 12, Oshtorvash Forests (Second Renewal View). Published by Administration of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Mazandaran Province, Sari, 327p (In Persian).
- Bergh, J.C.J., Botzen, W.J.M., 2015. Monetary valuation of the social cost of CO2 emissions: a critical survey. Ecological Economics, 114: 33-46.
- Brown, S., 2002. Measuring carbon in forests: current status and future challenges. Environmental Pollution, 116(3): 363-372.
- Djomo, A.N., Adamou, I., Joachim, S. and Gode, G., 2010. Allometric equations for biomass estimations in Cameroon and pan moist tropical equations including biomass data from Africa. Forest Ecology and Management, 260: 1873-1885.
- Ekoungoulou, R., Liu, X., Joël Loumeto, J., Averti Ifo, S., Enock Bocko, Y., Koula, F.E., Niu, S., 2014. Tree allometry in tropical forest of Congo for carbon stocks estimation in above-ground biomass. Open Journal of Forestry, 4:481-491.
- Fehrmann, L. and Kleinn, C., 2006. General considerations about the use of allometric equations for biomass estimation on the example of Norway spruce in central Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 236: 412-421.
- Green, C., Tobin, B., O’Shea, M., Farrell, E.P. and Byrne, K.A., 2007. Above and below ground biomass measurements in an un-thinned stand of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). European Journal of Forest Research, 126: 179-188.
- Hayha, T., Franzese, P.P., Paletto, A. and Fath, B.D., 2015. Assessing, valuing, and mapping ecosystem services in Alpine forests. Ecosystem Services, 14:12-23.
- Henry, M., Besnard, A., Asante, W.A., Eshun, J., Adu Bredu, S., Valentini, R., Bernoux, M. and Saint André, L., 2010. Wood density, phytomass variations within and among trees, and allometric equations in a tropical rainforest of Africa. Forest Ecology and Management, 260: 1375-1388.
- Ketterings, Q.M., Coe, R., Noordwijk, M.V., Ambagau, Y. and Palm, C.A., 2001. Reducing uncertainty in the use of allometric biomass equations for predicting above-ground tree biomass in mixed secondary forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 146: 199-209.
- Kirby, K.R. and Potvin, C., 2007. Variation in carbon storage among tree species: Implications for the management of a small-scale carbon sink project. Forest Ecology and Management, 246: 208-221.
- Li, X.Y. and Tang, H.P., 2006. Carbon sequestration: manners suitable for carbon trade in China and function of terrestrial vegetation. Journal of Plant Ecology, 32: 200-209.
- Machado, J.S., Louzada, J.L., Santos, A.J.A., Nunes, L., Anjos, O., Rodrigues, J., Simões, R.M.S. and Pereira, H., 2014. Variation of wood density and mechanical properties of blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.). Materials and Design, 56: 975-980.
- Mani, S. and Parthasarathy, N., 2007. Above-ground biomass estimation in ten tropical dry evergreen forest sites of peninsular India. Biomass and Bioenergy, 31: 284-290.
- Marvi-Mohajer, M.R., 2004. Silviculture. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 387p (In Persian).
- Namiranian, M., 2003. Forest Biometry and Tree Measurement. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 574p (In Persian).
- Navar, J., 2009. Allometric equations for tree species and carbon stocks for forests of northwestern Mexico. Forest Ecology and Management, 257:427-434.
- Nijnik, M.., Pajot, G., Moffat, A.J. and Slee, B., 2013. An economic analysis of the establishment of forest plantations in the United Kingdom to mitigate climatic change. Forest Policy and Economics, 26: 34-42.
- Parsapour, M.K., Sohrabi, H., Soltani, A. and Iranmanesh, Y., 2012. Allometric equations for estimating biomass in four poplar species at Charmahal and Bakhtiari province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(3): 517-529 (In Persian).
- Peichl, M. and Arain, M.A., 2006. Above and below ground ecosystem biomass and carbon pools in an age-sequence of temperate pine plantation forests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 140: 51-63.
- Ribeiro, S.C., Fehrmann, L., Pedro Boechat Soares, C., Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine, L., Kleinn, C. and de Oliveira Gaspar, R., 2011. Above and below ground biomass in a Brazilian Cerrado. Forest Ecology and Management, 262: 491-499.
- Sohrabi, H. and Shirvani A., 2011. Allometric equations for estimating standing biomass of Atlantic Pistache (Pistacia atlantica var. mutica) in Khojir National Park. Iranian Journal of Forest, 4(1): 55-64 (In Persian).
- Vahedi, A.A., 2014. Optimal allometric biomass equations for Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) boles within the Hyrcanian forest. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(2): 225-236 (In Persian).
- Vahedi, A.A., Mataji, A., Babayi-Kafaki, S., Eshaghi-Rad, J. and Hojati, S.M., 2013. Modeling the bole mass of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) through allometric equations within Hyrcanian forests. Iranian Journal of Forest, 5(3): 309-322 (In Persian).
- Vahedi, A.A., Mataji, A., 2014. Amount of carbon sequestration distribution associated with oak tree’s (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) bole in relation to physiographical units of Hyrcanian natural forests of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(4): 716-728 (In Persian).
- Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Wang, X. and Quan, X., 2009. Carbon concentration variability of 10 Chinese temperate tree species. Forest Ecology and Management, 258: 722-727. 
- Zhu, B., Wang, X., Fang, W., Piao, S., Shen, H., Zhao, S. and Peng, C., 2010. Altitudinal changes in carbon storage of temperate forests on Mt Changbai, northeast China. Carbon cycle process in East Asia, 123: 439-452.
- Zianis, D. and Mencuccini, M., 2003. Above ground biomass relationships for beech (Fagus moesiaca Cz.) trees in Vermio Mountain, northern Greece, and generalized equations for Fagus sp. Annals of Forest Science, 60: 439-448.
 
تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران
دوره 24، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 63
فروردین 1395
صفحه 115-103

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار