تأثیر آلودگی هوا بر ریخت‌شناسی برگ گونه‌های زبان‌گنجشک (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill.)، چنار (Platanus orientalis L.) و افرا زینتی (Acer negundo L.) (پژوهش موردی: شهر ارومیه)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس‌ارشد جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

امروزه افزایش غلظت آلاینده‌های هوا در شهرهای بزرگ تبدیل به مشکل بزرگی شده است که می‌تواند بر ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی و فیزیولوژی اندام‌های درختان به‌ویژه برگ آنها تأثیر بگذارد. به‌منظور مطالعه این تأثیر، ابتدا با استفاده از اطلاعات ایستگاه‌های هواسنجی (ثابت و سیار) سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست استان آذربایجان غربی، اقدام به انتخاب پنج منطقه با آلودگی‌های متفاوت شد. در مردادماه 1392 به‌طور تصادفی پنج درخت از سه گونه زبان‌گنجشک (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill.)، چنار (Platanus orientalis L.) و افرازینتی (Acer negundo L.) در هر منطقه گزینش شدند. سپس برگ‌ها از درختان مورد نظر جمع‌آوری و بلافاصله برای اندازه‌گیری صفات طول دمبرگ، طول پهنک، بیشینه عرض پهنک و سطح برگ به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. در اردیبهشت 1393 دوباره برگ‌ها از درختان انتخاب‌شده،جمع‌آوری شدند و اندازه‌گیری‌ها تکرار شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری از آزمون‌های تجزیه واریانس، دانکن و t جفتی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات ریخت‌شناسی برگ هر سه گونه مورد بررسی به‌طور معنی‌داری در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد تحت تأثیر آلاینده‌های هوا قرار دارند و میزان تأثیر آلاینده‌های هوا بر صفات ریخت‌شناسی برگ هر سه گونه در مردادماه بیشتر از اردیبهشت‌ماه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of air pollution on leaf morphology in narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill.), oriental plane (Platanus orientalis L.) and box elder (Acer negundo L.) (Case study: Urmia city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Babapour Alyiar 1
  • Abbas Banj Shafiei 2
  • Nasrin Seyedi 2
1 M.Sc. Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

The increasing amount of air pollutants in large cities has turned into a crucial factor that affects morphological and physiological tree characteristics, particularly on leaf level. In order to study those effects, 5 areas ranging from least to most polluted areas were initially selected in Urmia, the capital of West Azerbaijan province, using fixed and mobile air pollution recording stations of the Environment Office in August 2013. From each three species in each area 5 individuals were randomly selected and the leaves were measured in terms of their length of petiole, length of blade, maximum width of blade and leaf area. The above-mentioned parameters were repeatedly measured in May 2014. The ANOVA, Duncan and paired-t tests were performed analyze the data. The results revealed that the morphological properties of all species are affected by air pollutions (α = 0.05), with the greater effects occurred in August 2013 compared to May 2014.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air pollutants
  • urban forestry
  • Leaf area
  • blade length
  • petiole length

مراجع

- Abdolmanafi Jahromi, N., Mousavi Baygi, M. and Ziyaei, A.N., 2012. Estimation of crop yield loss due to air pollutants in different atmospheric conditions. Journal of Water and Soil, 26(2): 523-532 (In Persian).
- Carlson, R.W., 1979. Reduction in the photosynthetic rates of Acer, Quercus and Fraxinus species, caused by sulphur dioxide and ozone. Environmental Pollution, 18: 159-170.
- Dineva, S.B., 2004. Comparative studies of the leaf morphology and structure of white ash Fraxinus Americana L. and London plane tree Platanus acerifolia wiled growing in polluted area. Dendrobiology, 52: 3-8.
- Ejtehadi, M., 2007. Assessment of urban air pollution by transportation system with emphasis on the suspended particles and the presented of the principal managerial solution (Case study of Tehran). Abstracts of 10th National Conference on Environmental Health, Hamadan, 8-10 Nov. 2007: 1-8 (In Persian).
- Ekpemerechi, S.E., Lala, M.A., Jimoda, L.A., Odiwe, A.I. and Saheed, S.A., 2014. Effect of air pollution on the foliar morphology of some species in the family Euphorbiaceae in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Science and Technology, 34(1): 21-29.
- Esfahani, S., 2011. Arabic fine dusts battle with trees. Farheekhtegan, 632: 1-2 (In Persian).
- Ghorbanli, M.L., Bakhshi khaniki, G.L. and Bakand, Z., 2007. Air pollution effects on fresh and dry weight, amount of proline, number of stomata, trichome and epidermal cells in Nerium oleander and Robinia pseudoacacia in Tehran City. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 77: 3-28 (In Persian).
- Gratani, L., Crescente, M.F. and Petruzzi, M., 2000. Relationship between leaf life-span and photosynthetic activity of Quercus ilex in polluted urban areas (Rome). Environmental Pollution, 110: 19-28.
- Haj Rasuliha, Sh., Amini, H., Houdaji, M. and Najafi, P., 2006. Biomonitoring of air and soil pollution in Isfahan region. Research in Agricultural Science, 2(2): 39-54 (In Persian).
- Jahan, S. and Iqbal, M.Z., 1992. Morphological and anatomical studies of leaves of different plants affected by motor vehicles exhaust. Journal of Islamic Academical Science, 5: 21-23.
- Leghari, S., and Asrar Zaidi, M., 2013. Effect of air pollution on the leaf morphology of common plant species of Quetta city. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 447-454.
- Naidoo, G. and Chirkoot, D., 2004. The effects of coal dust on photosynthetic performance of the mangrove, Avicennia marina in Richards Bay, South Africa. Environmental Pollution, 127: 359-366.
- Ninoval, D.J., Dushkova, P.I. and Kovacheva, C.V., 1983. Anatomical, morphological studies of Platanus acerifolia at various degrees of air pollution. Ekologiya Sofia, 6: 35-47.
- Pathak, H. and Pancholi, K., 2014. Effect of air pollution on foliar morphology of some tree species at Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 8(3): 669-672.
- Pourkhabbaz, A.R., Rastin, N., Olbrich, A., Langenfeld Heiser, R. and Polle, A., 2010. Influence of environmental pollution on leaf properties of urban plane trees, Platanus orientalis L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 85(3): 251-255.
- Preeti, A., 2000. Study of leaf area damage of urban and rural environment in Agra. Actaeon Ecology, 22: 96-100.
- Rashidi, F., Jalili, A., Babaie Kafaki, S. and Sagheb-Talebi, K., 2011. Response of leaf anatomy in ash (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill.) to pollutant gases and climatic factors. Iranian Journal of Forest, 3(2): 133-143 (In Persian).
- Rashidi, F., Jalili, A., Babaie Kafaki, S., Sagheb-Talebi, K. and Hodgson J., 2012. Anatomical responses of leaves of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) to urban pollutant gases and climatic factors. Trees, 26(2): 363-375.
- Reig-Armiñana, J., Calatayud, V., Cerveró, J., García Breijo, F.J., Ibars, A. and Sanz, M.J., 2004. Effects of ozone on the foliar histology of the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.). Environmental Pollution, 132: 321-331.
- Shafiq, M. and Iqbal, M.Z., 2003. Effects of automobile pollution on the phenology and periodicity of some roadside plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 35: 931-938.
- Shafiq, M. and Iqbal, M.Z., 2005. The impact of auto emission on the biomass production of some roadside plants. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2: 93-97.
- Silva, L.C., Oliva, M.A., Azevedo, A.A., Araújo, J.M. and Aguiar, R., 2005. Micro morphological and anatomical alterations caused by simulated acid rain in Restinga plants: Eugenia uniflora and Clusia hilariana. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 168: 129-143.
- Stevovic, S., Mikovilovic, V.S. and Calic-Dragosavac, D., 2010. Environmental impact on morphological and anatomical structure of Tansy. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(16): 2413-2421.
- Tiwari, Sh., 2013. Air pollution induced changes in foliar morphology of two shrub species at Indore city, India. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2: 195-199.
- Tripathi, A.K. and Gautam, M., 2007. Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28: 127-132.
- Weber, J.A., Tingey, D.T. and Andersen, C.P., 1994. Plant response to air pollution: 357-389. In: Wilkinson, R.E. (Eds.). Plant Environment Interactions. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 456p.
- Woodward, F.I., 1987. Climate and Plant Distribution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 188p.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار