مقایسه ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و شیمیایی میوه بنه (Pistacia atlantica) در دو رویشگاه الگویی استان کردستان

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کردستان

چکیده

پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف ارزیابی برخی صفات مهم میوه بنه (Pistacia atlantica) دردو رویشگاه استان کردستان شامل مازوان­بند (بانه) و دزلی (مریوان) در سال 1387 اجرا شد. در هر رویشگاه تعداد 30 پایه ماده انتخاب و شماره‌گذاری شد و موقعیت آنها ثبت شد. در انتهای مهرماه از هر درخت 10 نمونه 200 گرمی میوه رسیده برداشت شد و صفات مورد نظر بر روی آنها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه­ واریانس نشان داد که بین دو رویشگاه ازنظر تمام صفات مورد بررسی و همچنین بین پایه­ های بنه درون رویشگاه ازنظر تمام صفات به‌استثنای اندازه میوه اختلاف معنی­ داری (01/0p≤) وجود داشت. میانگین کل صفات قطر برابر سینه درختان بنه 69/7 سانتی ­متر، درصد میوه پوک در خوشه 20/83 درصد، متوسط طول و عرض میوه به‌ترتیب 5/41 و 6/33 میلی­ متر، اندازه میوه (عرض در طول میوه) معادل 34/48 میلی­ مترمربع، متوسط وزن میوه کامل، میوه پوک، بذر و دانه به‌ترتیب 2/15، 1/46، 1/47 و 0/51 گرم، نسبت وزن دانه به وزن میوه برابر 0/24 و درصد روغن میوه معادل 26/86 درصد بود. میانگین تمام صفات مورد بررسی به‌استثنای قطر درختان و درصد روغن میوه در بانه بیشتر از مریوان بود. نتیجه تجزیه رگرسیون درصد روغن میوه بر سایر صفات نشان داد که ضریب رگرسیون درصد روغن میوه بر صفات وزن بذر و دانه مثبت و بسیار معنی­دار (01/0p≤)، بر صفات درصد میوه پوک در خوشه و وزن میوه پوک منفی و بسیار معنی ­دار (01/0p≤) و بر نسبت وزن دانه به میوه مثبت و معنی­ دار (05/0p≤) بود ، اما بر سایر صفات غیرمعنی­ دار بود. بنابراین می­توان با گزینش پایه­ های بنه با صفات متوسط وزن میوه کامل، بذر، دانه و نسبت وزن دانه به میوه ببیشتر، نسبت به بهبود صفت درصد روغن میوه بنه اقدام کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of morphological and chemical properties of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica) fruit across two habitats in Kurdistan Province

نویسنده [English]

  • Bayzid Yousefi
Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Kurdestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate a number of important traits of wild paistachio (Pistacia atlantica) fruit, this study was conducted in two of of its natural habitats in Kurdistan province, including Mazevanband (Baneh) and Dezli (Sarvabad) during 2007-2008. In each habitat, a total number of 30 uniform trees were selected. From each sample tree, 10 fruit samples each weighting 200 g were taken in late October.  The traits were measured in labratory. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using nested method was followed by Duncan test to compare the means. ANOVA results revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between habitats (Sarvabad and Baneh) across all the studied traits, as well as across trees within each habitat for all traits except fruit size. The average diameter at breast height (D) was 69.7 cm, seedless fruit percentage (SLFP) accounted for 20.83%, the average fruit length (FL) and fruit width (FWi) were 5.41 and 6.33 mm respectively, fruit size (fruit width × length) (FWi×FL)  was equivalent to 34.48 mm2, the mean weight of complete fruit (FW), seedless fruit (SLFW), backless fruit (fruit without peel) (BLFW) and seed (SW), were 2.15 , 1.46, 1.47 and 0.51 g respectively. In addition, seed weight to fruit weight ratio (SW/FW) was 0.24, and mean percentage of oil content (OC%) was 26.86 %. The average of all studied traits except tree diameter and fruit oil in Baneh was generally more than in Sarvabad. Moreover, the regression analysis of oil content on the other traits as independent variables revealed that the regression coefficient of oil content on backless fruit weight (fruit without skin) (BLFW) and seed weight (SW) were positive and significant (P ≤ 0.01), while they were negative and significant(P ≤ 0.01) for seedless fruit percentage (SLFP) and seedless fruit weight (SLFW), as well as positive and significant (P ≤ 0.05)for ratio of seed weight to fruit weight (SW/FW). Thus, the oil content percentage of trees is concluded to be improved by selection of the individuals featuring higher fruit and seed weights. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pistacia atlantica
  • oil content
  • Kurdistan
  • fruit's characteristics

مراجع

-Abdollah Poor, M. and Saydin Navadeh, H., 1996. Subproducts of the Zagros and its economic value. Journal of Forest and Rangeland, 31: 18-20 (In Persian).
- Anonymous, 2013. Meteorological Data of Kurdistan. General Office of Kurdistan Province Meteorology (www. Kurdistanmet.ir).
- Arefi, H., Nasir Zadeh, A. and Mirzaei Nodoushan, H., 2003. Variation in baseline maternal and paternal Terebinth tree (Pistacia atlantica). Journal of Forest and Poplar Research (Proceedings of the Second National Conference of Terebinth Tree), 10(2): 405-419.
- Arefi, M.H., Abdi, A., Saydian, S.E., 2005. Evaluations of seeds and progenies of Pistacia atlantica trees in east Azerbaijan province. Proceeding of International Symposium on Pistachio and Almonds, Tehran, Iran, pp. 182-195(In Persian).
- Ghahraman, A., 1984. Flora of Iran. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Tehran, 3(162).
- Davis, D.P.H.,1975. Flora of Turkey. Edinburg University Press, 4.
- Fattahi, M.,1995a. Vegetation history of the Zagros and especially Terebinth tree in Iran and the world. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Luggage, 13-14 Nov. 1995. Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, pp. 1-25 (In Persian).
- Fattahi, M.,1995b. Terebinth tree morphology and the genetic modification. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Luggage, 13-14 Nov. 1995. Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, pp. 91-113 (In Persian).
- Fattahi, M.,1995c. Ecology of Terebinth tree. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Luggage, 13-14 Nov. 1995. Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, pp. 26-60 (In Persian).
- Hossein-Khah, R. and Farhang, B., 1996. Pistacia mutica: A new resource for oil production. Seminar on Pistachio Problems, 20-22 August 1996, Kerman, Iran(In Persian).
- Ibrahim, I.H. and Nahlawi, N., 1982. Recent techniques for propagating of Pistacio rootstocks by seed followed by budding. ACSAD. Damascus, 21p.
- Ibrahim, I.H., Nahlawi, N. and Nahlawi, M., 1984. Pistacio rootstocks studies under arid zone conditions. ACSAD. Izraa Research Station, Syria, 44p.
- Khatamsaz, M., 1988. Flora of Iran, Anacardiaceae, No: 3. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Tehran, 22p (In Persian).
- Nasir, E., 1983. Flora of Pakistan, Anacardiaceae. No: 152.
- Picchioni, G.A., Miyamoto, S. and Storey, J.B., 1990. Salt effects on growth and ion uptake of Pistachio rootstock seedlings. Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, 115(4): 647-653.
- Rechinger, K.H., 1963. Anacardiaceae. In: Rechinger K.H (Ed) Flora Iranica, 63: 1-9.
- Ruelas  Garcia, S., 1990. Grafting methods in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L .). Proceedings of the Tropical Region, American Society for Horticultural Science. Unda, 23: 50-53.
- Sabeti, H., 2008. Forests, Trees and Shrubs of Iran. The second edition, Yazd University Press, Yazd, 886p (In Persian).
- Townsed, C.C., 1980. Flora of Iraq, Vol: 4. Minstry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform Repulic of Iraq.
- Valipoor, P., 1995. An economic analysis of the Terebinth tree. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Luggage, 13-14 Nov. 1995. Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center (In Persian).
- Walker, R., Torok Falvy, R.E. and  Behboudian, M.H., 1987. Uptake and distribution of Chloride,  Sodium and Potassium ions and growth of salt treated Pistachio plantas, Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 121: 383- 394.
- Yousefi, B., 2002. A comparative study of the ecological and genetically characteristics of terebinth tree populations in Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 266 (7): 65-99 (In Persian).
- Yousefi, b., Madah  Arefi, H., Fanny, B., Moghadasi, N., Amani, M., Mardani, F. and Karami, T., 2008. The estimation of genetic variance components and heretability of Terebinth tree friuts and general compatiability of Terebinth tree (Pistacia atlantica ) at 2 model sites of the Kurdistan province. Final Report of Research Project, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 65p (In Persian).

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار