ارتباط بین پوشش گیاهی و عامل های فیزیوگرافی در جنگل کران رودی دره‌خان در جنوب ارومیه

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس‌ارشد جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 دانشیار گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

4 مربی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین پوشش گیاهی با عامل­ های فیزیوگرافی و تعیین گونه ­های معرف در گروه­های اکولوژیک، در جنگل کران‌رودی دره‌ خان در جنوب ارومیه انجام شد. برای تعیین سطح قطعه­ نمونه از روش سطح حداقل استفاده شد. براین اساس سطح 400 مترمربعی برای پوشش درختی و درختچه­ ای و 100 مترمربعی برای پوشش علفی به ­دست آمد. سی‌ودو قطعه­ نمونه برای گیاهان چوبی و 50 قطعه ­نمونه برای پوشش علفی به روش خط­ نمونه در فاصله­ های صفر، 20، 50، 100 و 200 متری رودخانه دره‌ خان و عمود بر محور اصلی آن در دو طرف پیاده شد و گونه ­های گیاهی آن شناسایی و درصد پوشش گیاهی در هر قطعه‌نمونه با استفاده از مقیاس براون- بلانکه برآورد شد. برای تعیین گروه­ های اکولوژیک و گونه­ های معرف از تجزیه‌وتحلیل خوشه­ ای و تجزیه‌وتحلیل گونه ­های معرف و برای تجزیه ­ و­ تحلیل ارتباط بین پوشش گیاهی با عامل­ های فیزیوگرافی از روش NMS استفاده شد. براساس تجزیه ­و تحلیل خوشه­ ای، گیاهان علفی منطقه در سه گروه اکولوژیک دامنه شمالی، دامنه جنوبی و کنار رودخانه ­ای قرار گرفتند. نتایج آنالیز NMS نشان داد که شیب و ارتفاع از سطح دریا از مهمترین عامل­ های تأثیرگذار بر پراکنش گونه ­های علفی در اکوسیستم دره‌ خان هستند. از گونه ­های معرف دامنه شمالی، Astragalus persicus، Echinops bithynicus و Silene marschallii، دامنه جنوبی، Salvia multicaulis، Onosma sericeum وAristolochia bottae و کنار رودخانه ­ای،Colchicum szovitsii ، Galium spurium و Pimpinella anthriscoides را می­ توان نام برد. گونه­ های چوبی نیز در دو گروه اکولوژیک کنار رودخانه ­ای (Juglans regia و Pyrus syriaca) و دور از رودخانه (Cerasus microcarpa و Pistacia atlantica) قرار گرفتند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

On the relationship between vegetation cover and physiographic factors in a gallery forest in southern Urmia, NW Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Mahmoodi 1
  • Elias Remezani 2
  • Javad Eshaghi-Rad 3
  • Mahnaz Heidari Rikan 4
1 M.Sc. Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Senior Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to 1) investigate the relationship between vegetation cover and physiographic factors and 2) determine the indicator species in ecological groups in a gallery forest of Darreh-Khan river in the south of Urmia, NW Iran. Minimal area method was used to determine the area of sample plots. Based on this, arboreal and herbaceous cover plots were recorded in 400 and 100 m2 plots, respectively. Using the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale, arboreal and herbaceous taxa were recorded respectively in 32 and 50 sample plots centered at 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 m along transects perpendicular to the river axis on both sides at 200 m intervals. We applied cluster and indicator species analysis in order to determine the ecological groups and indicator species. In addition, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) approach was applied to analyze the relationships between vegetation and physiographic factors in the study area. Cluster analysis divided the herbaceous species into three (north-facing slope, south-facing slope, and near-river) ecological categories. The NMS analysis showed that slope and altitude are among the most influencing environmental variables on the distribution of herbaceous plants in this ecosystem. Examples of the indicator plant species in ecological group I (north-facing slope) included Astragalus persicus, Echinops bithynicus and Silene marschallii, whereas Salvia multicaulis, Onosma sericeum and Aristolochia bottae were amongst the indicator species in ecological group II (south-facing slope). Colchicum szovitsii, Galium spurium and Pimpinella anthriscoides were grouped in the third category (near-river). Moreover, woody taxa were seperated into two ecological groups: near-river (Juglans regia and Pyrus syriaca) and far-from-river (Cerasus microcarpa and Pistacia atlantica).
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cluster analysis
  • gallery forest
  • non-metric multidimensional scaling
  • ecological groups
  • indicator species

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