ارزیابی خطر وضعیت بدن (پوسچر) در عملیات قطع درختان در جنگل‌کاری‌های صنوبر

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه بهداشت حرفه‌ای، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران

5 استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

قطع درختان در جنگل‌کاری‌های صنوبر ایران اغلب با استفاده از اره‌موتوری انجام می‌شود. در ارتباط با چنین کار پرتحرک با اجزا کاری تکراری ضروری است تا فشارهای احتمالی بر سیستم اسکلتی- عضلانی کارگران، وضعیت‌های کاری بدن آن‌‌ها و سطح خطر این شغل مورد توجه قرار گیرد. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی نه کارگر قطع جنگل‌کاری‌های صنوبر در منطقه شاندرمن استان گیلان با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه نوردیک بررسی شد. وضعیت‌های بدن (پوسچر) کارگران طی چهار ساعت کاری فیلم‌برداری شد. 4320 عکس به‌دست‌آمده از 55 وضعیت کاری بدن با استفاده از روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل وضعیت کاری اُواکو (Ovako Working Posture Analysing System: OWAS) ارزیابی شد. بر‌اساس نتایج، بیشترین ناراحتی گزارش‌شده بین کارگران مورد مطالعه مربوط به ناحیه کمر بود. شاخص خطر عملیات قطع، عدد به‌نسبت زیادی (251 = I) به‌دست آمد. ارزیابی وضعیت کاری بدن در هنگام اجرای بخش‌های مختلف قطع درخت نشان داد که بیشترین شاخص خطر به‌ترتیب متعلق به بن‌بری (313 = I)، بن‌زنی (303 = I)، سرشاخه‌‌زنی (295 = I) و تبدیل (281 = I) بودند. 41/56 درصد وضعیت‌های کاری بدن نیاز به رسیدگی فوری داشتند. کمر خمیده به جلو یا عقب، وضعیت ایستاده و هر دو زانو خمیده ، وضعیت هر دو دست پایین‌تر از حد شانه و وزن بار بین 20-10 کیلوگرم (کد 2142) شایع‌ترین مشکلات ارگونومیک در عملیات قطع درختان بودند. این یافته‌ها بیانگر لزوم ارائه راهکارهای آموزشی بین کارگران قطع هستند. در این ‌راستا، آموزش فنون و روش‌های مناسب قطع درختان و ایمنی کار توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Postural risk assessment of felling operation in a poplar plantation, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Arman 1
  • F. Rahimi 2
  • M. Nikooy 3
  • M. Heidari 4
  • B. Majnounian 5
1 Ph.D. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
5 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Felling operations in poplar plantations in Iran usually is performed with a chainsaw and by cutting workers. In connection with such dynamic work with repetitive work components, it is necessary to pay attention to the possible pressure on the musculoskeletal system of the workers, the evaluation of the work posture, and the calculation of risk index. To achieve the goals of the study, the Nordic questionnaire was used to study musculoskeletal problems in 9 felling workers in a poplar plantation in the Shanderman region of Guilan province. In the next stage images related to the evaluation of workers' postures during a 4-hour felling operation recorded by a video camera analyzed. The postural evaluation was performed by The Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS) method. In this study, 55 postures related to tree felling operations were obtained. The most discomfort of workers was related to the waist. The postural risk associated with felling operation was relatively high (I=251). Postural assessment of different felling work tasks indicated that the highest risk was incurred during back-cut (I=313), under-cut (I=303), delimbing (I=295), and bucking (I=281) respectively. 56.41 percent of categories need further assessment necessary soon and now. Back bent forward or backward, standing position and both knees bent, both hands below shoulder height and, force/load 10-20 kg (code:2142) were the most important ergonomic problem in logging operations. These findings indicate the need to provide training solutions among felling workers. In this regard, appropriate training techniques and methods of tree felling and work safety are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ergonomic
  • logging
  • OWAS
  • safety

مراجع

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