Effect of soil and water affected by municipal effluent on performance one-year-old plants of three black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

    In this study, the effect of soil and water affected by municipal effluent on the performance of three poplar clones of Populus nigra L. after one year was investigated in a factorial experiment with two factors (1- soil and water in two levels and 2- poplar clones in three levels) based on the completely randomized design with five replications. After one year, in three poplar clones, significant increase in growth and biomass parameters of plants treated by soil and water affected by municipal effluent was observed. In three poplar clones, the significant increase of nutrients and heavy metals in organs of plants treated by soil and water affected by municipal effluent was observed. In three clones, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb were mainly accumulated in roots, whereas Zn and Mn showed the highest concentrations in leaves. The three poplar clones did not show statistically significant differences in terms of uptake and accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in plant organs. The effect of clone on most growth and biomass parameters was significant (p ≤ 0.01). The highest growth and biomass rates were seen in plants of P. nigra 62/154 treated by soil and water affected by municipal effluent. The results of the present study showed that for wood farming in lands affected by municipal effluent, all three poplar clones can be used by prioritizing the P. nigra 62/154 clone.

Keywords


- Aghabarati, A., Hosseni, S.M., Esmaeili, A. and Maralian, H., 2008. Growth and mineral accumulation in Olea europaea L. trees irrigated with municipal effluent. Research Journal of Environmental Science, 2(4): 281-290.
- Ali, H.M., Siddiqui, M.H., Khamis, M.H., Hassan, F.A., Salem, M.Z.M. and El-Mahroukd, E.S.M., 2013. Performance of forest tree Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. under sewage effluent irrigation. Ecological Engineering, 61(A): 117-126.
- Alizadeh, S.M., Zahedi Amiri, G., Savaghebi-Firoozabadi, G., Etemad, V., Shirvany, A. and Shirmardi, M., 2012. Influence of soil amendment on cadmium accumulation responses in one-year old Populus alba L. seedling. Iranian Journal of Forest, 3(4): 355-366 (In Persian).
 - Aryal, N. and Reinhold, D.M., 2015. Reduction of metal leaching by poplars during soil treatment of wastewaters: Small-scale proof of concept studies. Ecological Engineering, 78: 53-61.
- Baldantoni, D., Cicatelli, A., Bellino, A. and Castiglione, S., 2014. Different behaviours in phytoremediation capacity of two heavy metal tolerant poplar clones in relation to iron and other trace elements. Journal of Environmental Management, 146: 94-99.
- Berendse, F. and Möller, F., 2009. Effects of competition on root–shoot allocation in Plantago lanceolata L.: adaptive plasticity or ontogenetic drift? Plant Ecology, 201: 567-573.
- Bojarczuk, K. and Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B., 2010. Effect of ectomycorrhiza on Cu and Pb accumulation in leaves and roots of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings grown in metal-contaminated soil. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 207: 227-240.
- Bonifas, K.D., Walters, D.T., Cassman, K.G. and Lindquist, J.L., 2005. Nitrogen supply affects root: shoot ratio in corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Science, 53(5): 670-675.
- Bouyoucos, G.J., 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54(5): 464-465.
- Bozkurt, M.A. and Yarilga, T., 2003. The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(5): 285-292.
- Bremner, J.M., 1996. Nitrogen-total: 1085-1121. In: Sparks, D.L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., … and Sumner, M.E. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1390p.
- Chandra, R. and Kang, H., 2016. Mixed heavy metal stress on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content in poplar hybrids. Forest Science and Technology, 12(2): 55-61.
- Dimitriou, I. and Aronsson, P., 2011. Wastewater and sewage sludge application to willows and poplars grown in lysimeterse–Plant response and treatment efficiency. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(1): 161-170.
- Dos Santos Utmazian, M.N., Wieshammer, G., Vega, R. and Wenzel, W.W., 2007. Hydroponic screening for metal resistance and accumulation of cadmium and zinc in twenty clones of willows and poplars. Environmental Pollution, 148(1): 155-165.
- Egiarte, G., Camps Arbestain, M., Alonso, A., Ruíz-Romera, E. and Pinto, M., 2005. Effect of repeated applications of sewage sludge on the fate of N in soils under monterey pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 216(1-3): 257-269.
- Guo, L.B. and Sims, R.E.H., 2003. Soil response to eucalypt tree planting and meatworks effluent irrigation in a short rotation forest regime in New Zealand. Bioresource Technology, 87(3): 341-347.
- Guo, L.B., Sims, R.E.H. and Horne, D.J., 2006. Biomass production and nutrient cycling in Eucalyptus short rotation energy forests in New Zealand: II. Litter fall and nutrient return. Biomass and Bioenergy, 30(5): 393-404.
- Kabata-Pendias, A., 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 4th edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Karatas, M., Dursun, S., Guler, E., Ozdemir, C. and Argun, M.E., 2006. Heavy metal accumulation in wheat plants irrigated by waste water. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 40(7): 575-579.
- Mahoney, K.J. and Swanton, C.J., 2008. Nitrogen and light affect the adaptive traits of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). Weed Science, 56: 81-90.
- Mclean, E.O., 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement: 199-224. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1159p.
- Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter: 961-1010. In: Sparks, D.L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., … and Sumner, M.E. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1390p.
- Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Deen, L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular Vol. 939, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 19p.
- Page, A.L., 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1159p.
- Pilipović, A., Zalesny, R.S., Rončević, S., Nikolić, N., Orlović, S., Beljinc, J. and Katanić, M., 2019. Growth, physiology, and phytoextraction potential of poplar and willow established in soils amended with heavy-metal contaminated, dredged river sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 239: 352-365.
- Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts: 167-179. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1159p.
- Salehi, A., 2020. Strategic approach to the use of unconventional waters in agricultural lands south of Tehran. Journal of Iran Nature, 5(5): 23-29 (In Persian).
- Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J. and Aliarab, A., 2008. Effect of irrigation with municipal effluent on soil and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. trees. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 16(2): 186-196 (In Persian).
- Sankar Ganesh, K., Sundaramoorthy, P. and Chidambaram, A.L.A., 2006. Chromium toxicity effect on blackgram, soybean and paddy. Pollution Research, 25(4): 257-261.
- Shariat, A., Assareh, M.H. and Ghamari-Zare, A., 2010. Effects of cadmium on some physiological characteristics of Eucalyptus occidentalis. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 14(53):145-154 (In Persian).
- Shi, X., Zhang, X., Chen, G., Chen, Y., Wang, L. and Shan, X., 2011. Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in copper and lead/zinc mine tailings. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(2): 266-274.
- Singh, G. and Bhati, M., 2005. Growth of Dalbergia sissoo in desert regions of western India using municipal effluent and the subsequent changes in soil and plant chemistry. Bioresource Technology, 96(9): 1019-1028.
- Tabari, M. and Salehi, A., 2009. Long-term impact of municipal sewage irrigation on treated soil and black locust trees in a semi-arid suburban area of Iran. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21(10): 1438-1445.
- Toze, S., 2006. Reuse of effluent water—benefits and risks. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1-3): 147-159.
- Tsakou, A., Rouli, M. and Christodoulaki, N.S., 2003. Growth parameters and heavy metal accumulation in poplar tree cultures (Populus euramericana) utilizing water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71: 330-337.
- Yadav, R.K., Goyal, B., Sharma, R.K., Dubey, S.K. and Minhas, P.S., 2002. Post-irrigation impact of domestic sewage effluent on composition of soils, crops and ground water—a case study. Environment International, 28(6): 481-486.