Effect of irrigation intervals on establishment of Ziziphus spina-christi saplings

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran.

2 M. Sc. Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran.

3 Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowme`eh Sara, I.R. Iran.

Abstract

In southern parts of Fars province in Iran, Christ's Thorn Jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) is considered as the dominant species amongst other woody species. However, the lack of its ability for natural regeneration is coupled with high mortality rates of cultivated individuals. Moreover, a common drought within the arid areas of Iran contributes to those limitations. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals on establishment of Z. spina-christi saplings, a complete randomized blocks design with 4 treatments and 3 replications was conducted across a study area near Lar, Fars province. Treatments included irrigation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45 days, where irrigation was solely done in the first year. Following this, the healthy saplings as well as the heights were inventoried in the second year to determine the sapling establishment as a function of the most appropriate irrigation. The results showed significant effect of treatments on sapling height. However, no significant effect was observed for number of saplings. Therefore, the irrigation intervals 30 and 45 days during the first year, each with 30 litters are suggested for establishment of Z. spina-christi saplings.

Keywords


- Arndt, S.K., Wanek, W., Clifford S.C. and Popp, M. 2000. Contrasting adaptations to drought-stress in field-grown Ziziphus mauritiana and Prunus persica trees: water relation, osmotic, adjustment and carbon isotope composition. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27: 985-996.
- Ameri, A.A. and Keneshlou, H. 2011. Effects of irrigation intervals and water storage methods on survival and growth characteristics of Acacia nilotica. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(3): 431-421 (In Persian).
- Anonymous, M. 1993. Annual Report. Department of Natural Resources of Fars, 58p (In Persian).
- Assareh, M.H. 2008. Biological Characteristics of Christian Thorn Trees in Iran and Description of other Ziziphus Species. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 571p (In Persian).
- Babour, J., Holston, K., Eckhart, R., Parresol, B.R. and Pharo, J. 2001. Temperature effect on longleaf pine seed germination at a container nursery, 4p.
- Clifford, S.C., Arndt, S.K., Corlett, J.E., Joshi, S., Sankhla, N., Popp, M. and Jones, H.G. 1998 The role of solute accumulatio, osmotic adjustment and changes in cell wall elasticity in drought tolerance in Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 49: 967-977.
- Fyaz, M. 2002. Determine the best irrigation for Calligomum comosom to establish in natural habitats. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 9(6): 31-46 (In Persian).
- Ghanbari, A., Najafi, F. and Shabahang, J. 2007. Effect of irrigation regimes and row arrangement on yield, yield components and seed quality of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(7): 1072-1079.
- Gholami, R.A., Argi, E. and Gerdakaneh, M. 2013. Effect of irrigation interval and mulching on growth characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 27(1): 74-81.
- Goor, A.Y. and Barney, C.W. 1968. Forest tree planting in arid zones. Ronald Press, New york, 409p.
- Jalili, K., Jalili, J. and Sohrabi, H. 2008. Effect of super absorbent on increase in irrigation interval seedling growth rate of Rosa. Final Report of the Research Project, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources, the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Kermanshah Branch, 80p (In Persian).
- Jalili, K., Jalili, J. and Sohrabi, H. 2010. Effect of super absorbent polymer (Taravat a200) and irrigation interval on growth of almond sapling. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water, 21(2): 121-134 (In Persian).
- Jalili, K., Jalili, J. and Sohrabi, H. 2013. To increase irrigation interval without reducing vegetative growth of rose seedlings by applying superabsorbent polymer Trawat A200 In a semi-arid region. Journal of Horticultural Science, 27(2): 185-192.
- Johnson, J.D. 1990. Dry matter partitioning in lobolly and slash pines: Effects of fertilization and irrigation. Forest Ecology and Management, 30(1-4): 147-157.
- Luoranen, J., Rikala, R., Konttinen, K.S. and Smolander, H. 2006. Summer planting of Picea abies container-grown seedlings: Effects of planting date on survival, height growth and root egress. Forest Ecology and Management, 237: 534-544.
- Noori, F., Khanhasani, M. and Zangeneh, H. 2013. Effect of super absorbent gel (hydro gel) usage in the establishment and survival of Pistacia atlantica desf. seedling. International Journal of Biosciences, 3(9): 29-35.
- Rad, M.H. and Dashtakian, K. 2000. Determine the appropriate method of planting seedlings of Haloxylon spp. in order to reduce the amount of water in the early stages of planting. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 8(3): 93-144 (In Persian).
- Sadeghi, S.M. 1995. Study of some of ecological features of three species of genus Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd in Bushehr. M. Sc. thesis, University of Tehran, 269p (In Persian).
- Sadeghi, S.M., Reshvand, S. and Kazeroni, H. 2008. Seedling Production, Forestry and Exploitation of Ziziphus: In: Assareh, M.H. 2008. Biological Characteristics of Christian Thorn Trees in Iran and Discription of other Ziziphus Species. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 571p (In Persian).
- Sadeghi, S.M., Fakhri, F. and Kazeroni, H. 2001. Determine appropriate irrigation intervals for Ziziphus, Eucalyptus, Acacia in Bushehr. Final Report of Research Project, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Bushehr, Bushehr, Iran, 27p (In Persian).
- Saied, A.S., Gebauer, J., Hammer, K. and Buerkert, A. 2008. Ziziphuse spina-christi (L.): A multipurpose fruit tree. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 55: 929-937.
- Shahin, M.A., Yehia, T.A., Hussien, E.A. and El-Amary, E.I. 2011. Effect of different soil water levels on growth of three Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Genotypes. Journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants, 3(3): 270-275.
- Soltanipour, M.A. 1999. Comparison of forestry of four species of Acacia in Hormozgan to determine the minimum irrigation intervals required to settle each species in the first year after planting. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 3: 109-154 (In Persian).
- Soufizadeh, N., Hoseini, S.M. and Tabari, M. 2010. Effect of sowing date, irrigation period and weed control on growth of height, diameter collar, root height and survival percent of seedlings Cupressus arizonica in nursery. Iranian Journal of Biology, 26(4): 605-614 (In Persian).
- Thompson, B.E. 1984. Establishing a vigorous nursery crop: bed preparation, seed sowing and early seed growth. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Martines Nijhoff/ Dr. W. Junk Publisher, pp: 41-49.
- Zhang, P., Wang, Y.K., Zhan, J.W., Wang, X. and Wu, P. 2010. Scheduling irrigation for jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(35): 5694-5703.