Evaluating the effects of dust and intensity of oak charcoal disease on biological characteristics of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in the Ilam Province, Iran

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

4 Associate Prof., Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

    Forest decline is the interactive result of factors such as climate, in particular the occurrence of drought and early frost, tree age, habitat quality, pests and diseases, and the phenomenon of dust. The aim of this study was 1) to measure the amount of dust particles deposited on Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) trees in a forest stand in Ilam province and 2) to survey the biological characteristics of healthy trees and those hosting oak charcoal disease. Random sampling was performed from different parts of the crown of each rootstock to measure biochemical traits, study of antioxidant activity and enzymes and amount of dry dust deposition on the leaf. On the leaves, samples were randomly drawn from different parts of the crown. The average dry deposited dust per unit leaf area of oak during the three sampling periods ranged from 0.21 to 0.26 mg/cm2. No significant difference was observed between healthy and diseased trees. The amount of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids in healthy and diseased trees were significantly different, with observed 0.3, 0.06, 0.1 and 0.14 mg/g fresh weight in healthy trees, as well as over 0.038, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.12 mg/g fresh weight in diseased trees, respectively. In addition, the amount of antioxidants and catalase in healthy trees were 56.9 percent and 0.01 units per mg of protein, respectively, which were significantly higher than the diseased trees showing 42.8 and 0.008 units per mg of protein. The amount of phenol and flavonoids in diseased trees (169.9 and 47.8 mg/g fresh weight) was more than healthy trees (114.5 and 36.6 mg/g fresh weight). This study concludes that Brant`s oak in the studied forest is very resistant to coal disease, added by its high ability to preserve and retain dust particles.              

Keywords

References

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