Development stages dynamics of the Hyrcanian reserve stands, Iran

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

4 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

5 Prof., Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany

Abstract

With the aim of identifying the dynamism of the Hyrcanian forests, four reserve compartments were selected in three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan. In each reserve stand, three plots of one hectare (12 plots in total) were laid out in the initial, optimal, and decay development stages. The first inventory (structural study) was performed in 2008 and in the present study, data were collected again in 2018. All trees with a diameter at breast height larger than 7.5 cm were measured. Based on the results, the mean number of trees naturally removed in the initial, optimal, and decay stages were 78, 48, and 31 per ha (21.1, 16, and 12.6%), respectively. The increase in the average mean diameter of the stands in the initial, optimal, and decay stand was increased in the amount of 3.2, 4.5, and 3.75 cm, respectively. Also, the maximum volume increment within the period was calculated 101 m3ha-1 in the optimal stage. All of the studied stands were placed in the large sizetimber in the structured triangle. Which indicates that they are far from theirregular structure. Over the ten-yearperiod, all stands, except the initial stage in Haftkhal, showed a light displacement in the triangle structure. Accordingly, periodic monitoring and data collection of permanent plots are one of the basic principles of stand conservation and improvement. Recognizing changes in structure over time is the first step in understanding the dynamics of development stages in stands which facilitates close to nature forest management.

Keywords

References

- Akhavan, R., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Hassani, M. and Parhizkar, P., 2010. Spatial patterns in untouched beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands over forest development stages in Kelardasht region of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(2): 322-336 (In Persian).
- Amini, R., Rahmani, R. and Parhizkar, P., 2018. Comparison of developmental stages in Beech-Hornbeam stands using non-spatial indices of stand structure. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 26(2): 156-167 (In Persian).
- Arias, D., 2005. Tree morphometry in tropical forest plantations. Kurú: Revista Forestal, 2(5): 1-13 (In Spanish).
- Donoso, P.J. and Nyland, R.D., 2005. Seedling density according to structure, dominance and understory cover in old-growth forest stands of the evergreen forest type in the coastal range of Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 78(1): 51-63.
- Emborg, J., Christensen, M. and Heilmann-Clausen, J., 2000. The structural dynamics of Suserup Skov, a near-natural temperate deciduous forest in Denmark. Forest Ecology and Management, 126(2): 173-189.
- Fallah, A., Zobeyri, M., Jazirei, M.H. and Marvi Mohajer, M.R., 2000. An investigation of the structure of natural Caspian Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in Gorazbon-Kheyroudkenar district. Iranian Journal Natural Resources, 53(3): 251-260 (In Persian).
- Korpel', Š., 1982. Degree of equilibrium and dynamical changes of the forest on example of natural forests of Slowakia. Acta Facultatis Forestalis, 24: 9-30.
- Leibundgut, H., 1993. Europäische Urwälde: Wegweiser zur naturnahen Waldwirtschaft. Paul Haupt, Bern, 260p (In German).
- Leuschner, C. and Ellenberg, H., 2017. Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats: Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe, Volume II. Springer, Cham, 1128p.
- Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., 2011. Silviculture. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 418p (In Persian).
- Mataji, A., Sagheb-Talebi, K. and Eshaghi-Rad, J., 2014. Deadwood assessment in different developmental stages of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in Caspian forest ecosystems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11(5): 1215-1222.
- Moridi, M., Sefidi, K. and Etemad, V., 2015. Stand characteristics of mixed oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in the stem exclusion phase, northern Iran. European Journal of Forest Research, 134(4): 693-703.
- O’Hara, K.L., 2016. What is close-to-nature silviculture in a changing world? Forestry, 89(1): 1-6.
- Oldeman, R.A.A., 1990. Forests: Elements of Silvology. Springer-Verlag, Berin, 624p.
- Oliver, C.D. and Larson, B.C., 1996. Forest Stand Dynamics. New York: Wiley, 521p.
- Parhizkar, P. and Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., 2016. Status of unmanaged oriental beech stand in different development stages within 5-years period (case study: Langa- Kelardasht). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 29(1): 31-42 (In Persian).
- Parhizkar, P., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Mattaji, A., Namiranian, M., Hasani, M. and Mortazavi, M., 2011. Tree and regeneration conditions within development stages in Kelardasht beech forest (Case study: reserve area-Langa). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(1): 141-153 (In Persian).
- Parobeková, Z., Pittner, J., Kucbel, S., Saniga, M., Filípek, M., Sedmáková, D., … and Jaloviar, P., 2018. Structural diversity in a mixed spruce-fir-beech old-growth forest remnant of the Western Carpathians. Forests, 9(7): 379.
- Remmert, H., 1985. Was geschieht im Klimax-Stadium? Naturwissenschaften, 72(5): 505-512 (In German).
- Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Schütz, J.P., 2002. The structure of natural oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) forests in the Caspian region of Iran and potential for the application of the group selection system. Forestry, 75(4): 465-472.
- Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., 2014. Appropriate characteristics of beech stands for application of close to nature silviculture (selection system). Final Report of National Research Project, Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 120p (In Persian).
- Sefidi, K., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Etemad, V. and Mosandl, R., 2014. Late successional stage dynamics in natural Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in northern Iran (Case study: Gorazbon district of Kheiroud-Kenar experimental forest). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(2): 270-283 (In Persian).
- Watt, A.S., 1923. On the ecology of British beechwoods with special reference to their regeneration. Journal of Ecology, 11(1): 1-48.
Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research
Volume 28, Issue 3 - Serial Number 81
January 2021
Pages 231-243

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics