The effect of carbon nanotube treatments on germination of Pistacia atlantica Desf. and P. khinjuk Stocks and comparison with common treatments

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Malayer, Malayer, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

Abstract

Wild pistachio seeds have a hard coat and deep physiological dormancy, which declines their germination success. In this study, the effect of seed priming with carbon nanotubes was studied on two species of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf. and P. Khinjuk Stocks) and was then compared with common treatments. For this purpose, seeds of each species were primed for four hours in solutions containing 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg / L of carbon nanotubes. In addition, some of the seeds were also treated by the common acid concentrations (65%, 5 and 10 min) and cold treatments (4 °C for one month), followed by an analysis of their germination characteristics. According to the results, carbon nanotubes affected the germination characteristics of the both species. The highest germination rate of P. khinjuk occurred under 75 mg/l and for P. atlantica at 10 mg / l. for P. atlantica, whereas the lowest germination was observed in acid (5%) and control treatments. Although cold treatment showed higher germination (18.33%) compared to control and acid-treated seeds, it was less than carbon nanotube treatments. For P. khinjuk, the lowest germination was also observed for acid treatment (11.67%). The seed germination rate and percentage of both species at concentrations of 100 mg/L were lower than those at concentrations of 10 and 75 mg/l, thus the use of lower concentrations of the nanomaterial economically is recommended.

Keywords


- Ahmadlu, F., Tabari, M., Rahmani, A. and Yousefzadeh, H., 2010. The effect of fertilizer and leaf soil treatments on the improvement and germination and survival of silver and cedar in nurseries. Journal of Forest and Wood Products (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 4(36): 317-330 (In Persian).
- Aliyari, F., Soltani, A. and Zarafshar, M., 2016. Germination model for Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica) in response to temperature and drought stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 2(2): 113- 121 (In Persian).
- Baygi, M.J., Alizadeh, M., Ghaderifar, F. and Sharifani, M., 2015. Dormancy removal in pistachio nut: Influences of Hydrogen Cyanamid (Dormex®) as compared to ordinary seed chemical pre-treatments. Advances in Horticultural Science, 29(4): 171-175.
- Cheraghi, M., Mehrabi, A.A. and Erfani, J., 2015. Improvement of seed germination and seedlings growth of Pistacia khinjuk using physical and chemical treatment. Iranian Journal of Forest, 8(1): 119-128 (In Persian).
- De La Torre-Roche, R., Hawthorne, J., Deng, Y., Xing, B., Cai, W., Newman, L.A. and White, J.C., 2013. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and C60 fullerenes differentially impact the accumulation of weathered pesticides in four agricultural plants. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(21): 12539-12547.
- Haghighi, M. and Da Silva, J.A.T., 2014. The effect of carbon nanotubes on the seed germination and seedling growth of four vegetable species. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 17(4): 201-208.
- Heidari, M., Rahemi, M. and Daneshvar, M.H., 2008. Effects of mechanical, chemical scarification and strafication on seed germination of Prunus scoparia (spach.) and Prunus webbii (spach) vierh. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science, 3: 114-117.
- Husen, A. and Siddiqi, K.S., 2014. Carbon and fullerene nanomaterials in plant system. Nanobiotechnology, 12(16): 1-10  
- Jackson, P., Jacobsen, N. R., Baun, A., Birkedal, R., Kühnel, D., Jensen, K. A., Vogel, U., Wallin, R., Kühnel, D., Jensen, K. A., Vogel, U. and Wallin, H., 2013. Walled carbon nanotubes exhibit dual phase regulation to exposed Arabidopsis mesophyll cells. Nanoscale Research Letters, 6(1): 44.
- Jiang, Y., Hua, Z., Zhao, Y., Liu, Q., Wang, F. and Zhang, Q., 2014. The effect of carbon nanotubes on rice seed germination and root growth. In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Applied Biotechnology (ICAB 2012) (pp. 1207-1212). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ‏
- Khodakovskaya, M., Dervishi, E., Mahmood, M., Xu, Y., Li, Z., Watanabe, F. and Biris, A.S., 2009. Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and dramatically affect seed -germination and plant growth. ACS Nano, 3(10): 3221-3222.
- Khodakovskaya, M.V., De Silva, K., Biris, A.S., Dervishi, E. and Villagarcia, H., 2012. Carbon nanotubes induce growth enhancement of tobacco cells. ACS Nano, 6(3): 2128-2135.
- Lahiani, M.H., Dervishi, E., Chen, J., Nima, Z., Gaume, A., Biris, A.S. and Khodakovskaya, M.V., 2013. Impact of carbon nanotube exposure to seeds of valuable crops. American Chemical Society, Applied Materials and Interfaces, 5(16): 7965-7973.
- Liu, Q., Chen, B., Wang, Q., Shi, X., Xiao, Z., Lin, J. and Fang, X., 2009. Carbon nanotubes as molecular transporters for walled plant cells. Nano Letters, 9(3): 1007-1010.
- Lombi, E., Nowack, B., Baun, A. and McGrath, S.P., 2012. Evidence for effects of manufactured nanomaterials on crops is inconclusive. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(49): E3336
- Monica, R.C. and Cremonini, R., 2009. Nanoparticles and higher plants. Caryologia, 62(2): 161-165.‏
- Nair, R., Saino, H.V., Baiju, G.N., Maekawa, T., Yoshida, Y. and Sakthi Kumar, D., 2010. Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants. Plant Science, 179(3): 154-163.
- NegahdarSaber, M.R., Fattahi, M. and Nasirzadeh, A.R., 2007. Physical characteristics and the best method of germination in Pistacia atlantica. Iranian Journal of Forest and Popular Research, 1: 11-18 (In Persian).
- Nel, A., Xia, T., Meng, H., Wang, X., Lin, S., Ji, Z. and Zhang, H., 2013. Nanomaterial toxicity testing in the 21st century: use of a predictive toxicological approach and high-throughput screening. Accounts of Chemical Research, 46(3): 607-621.
- Noorian, A.M., 2015. Germination of Pistacia atlantica under the influence of Physical and Chemical treatment. IENC First International Conference on Environment and Natural Resources. Kharazmi Institute of Higher Science and Technology, Shiraz, Iran, 7 Sep. 2015: 3.  
- Orman, S. and Hongda, C.H., 2013. Nanoscale science and engineering for agriculture and food- systems. Industrial Biotechnology, 9(1): 17-18
- Pazhouhan, I., Jalali, S.Gh.A., Atabati, H., Zarafshar, M. and Sattarian, A., 2014. Comparison of carbon nanotubes with chemical and physical treatments to break seed dormancy of Myrtus communis L. Journal of Plant Researches, 29(2): 300-308 (In Persian).
- Rahimi, D., Kartoolinejad, D., Nourmohammadi, K. and Naghdi, R., 2017. The Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on drought tolerance of Caucasion Alder (Alnus Subcordata C. A. Mey.) seeds in germination stage. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 6(2): 17-28 (In Persian).
- Sayedena, S.V., Pilehvar, B., Abrari-vajari, K., Zarafshar, M. and Eisvand, H.R., 2018. Effect of Seed Nano-priming with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) on seed germination and seedlings growth parameters of mountain ash (Sorbus luristanica Bornm.). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 26(2): 202-214 (In Persian).