Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi recovered from the roots of oak trees in northern forests of Iran

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 Prof., Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is essential for the establishment and functioning of trees in forest ecosystems. Despite widespread recognition of important roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi in improving plant nutrition, increasing the resistance of host plants to drought stress and suppressing of root pathogens, little studies have been carried out on the diversity of the fungal symbionts, especially in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in Iran. Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi is the first step in all studies related to this symbiosis and is essential to exploit its maximum potential in forest management. The aim of this study was to identify the ECM fungal associating with oak trees (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey., Q. macranthera Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex Hohen. and Q. petraea L.) in the 6 locations of north forests of Iran. The ectomycorrhizal root tips of oak trees were collected for molecular identifications. Molecular analysis involved sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with other sequences on website databases. A total of 207 root systems were sampled and documented high ectomycorrhizal diversity with a total of 49 taxa by Blast algorithm. These taxa belonging to 13 genus, including Amanita, Boletus, Cortinarius, Hebeloma, Hydnum, Hygrophorus, Inocybe, Laccaria, Lactarius, Lycoperdon, Russula, Scleroderma and Tricholoma. Species of Lactarius, Russula and Inocybe were diverse and dominant. Bayesian analysis confirmed the species-level and genius-level identification of 17 and 32 ectomycorrhizal fungi, respectively. This study documented high ectomycorrhizal diversity in Hyrcanian forests with oak trees.

Keywords

References

- Agerer, R., 1986-2006. Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae. Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
- Barea, J.M., Palenzuela, J., Cornejo, P., Sánchez-Castro, I., Navarro-Fernández, C., Lopéz-García, A., Estrada, B., Azcón, R., Ferrol, N. and Azcón-Aguilar, C., 2011. Ecological and functional roles of mycorrhizas in semiarid ecosystems of Southeast Spain. Journal of Arid Environments, 75(12): 1292-1301.
- Binion, D.E., Stephenson, S.L., Roody, W.C., Burdsall, H.H. Jr., Vasilyeva, L.N. and Miller, O.K. Jr., 2008. Macrofungi Associated with Oaks of Eastern North America. West Virginia University Press, Morgantown, W.V., 468p.
- Boyle, H., Zimdars, B., Renker, C. and Buscot, F., 2006. A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe. Mycological Research, 110(4): 369-380.
- Cavender-Bares, J., Izzo, A., Robinson, R. and Lovelock, C.E., 2009. Changes in ectomycorrhizal community structure on two containerized oak hosts across an experimental hydrologic gradient. Mycorrhiza, 19(3): 133-142.
- Courtecuisse, R., 1999. Mushrooms of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins Publishers, London, 960p.
- Gardes, M. and Bruns, T.D., 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology, 2: 113-118.
- Garnica, S., Weiß, M., Oertel, B., Ammirati, J. and Oberwinkler, F., 2009. Phylogenetic relationships in Cortinarius, section Calochroi, inferred from nuclear DNA sequences. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9(1): 1.
- Horton, T.R. and Bruns, T.D., 2001. The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into the black-box. Molecular Ecology, 10: 1855-1871.
- Jargeat, P., Martos, F., Carriconde, F., Gryta, H., Moreau, P.A. and Gardes, M., 2010. Phylogenetic species delimitation in ectomycorrhizal fungi and implications for barcoding: the case of the Tricholoma scalpturatum complex (Basidiomycota). Molecular Ecology, 19: 5216–5230.
- Jonsson, L.M., Dighton, J., Lussenhop, J. and Koide, R.T., 2006. The effect of mixing ground leaf litters to soil on the development of pitch pine ectomycorrhizal and soil arthropod communities in natural soil microcosm systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(1): 134-144.
- Morris, M.H., Pérez-Pérez, M.A., Smith, M.E. and Bledsoe, C.S., 2009. Influence of host species on ectomycorrhizal communities associated with two co-occurring oaks (Quercus spp.) in a tropical cloud forest. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 69(2): 274-287.
- Morris, M.H., Smith, M.E., Rizzo, D.M., Rejmánek, M. and Bledsoe, C.S., 2008. Contrasting ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on the roots of co-occurring oaks (Quercus spp.) in a California woodland. New Phytologist, 178: 167-176.
- Pena, R., Lang, C., Naumann, A. and Polle, A., 2014. Ectomycorrhizal identification in environmental samples of tree roots by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5: 229.
- Rasmussen, A.L., Busby, R.R. and Hoeksema, J.D., 2018. Host preference of ectomycorrhizal fungi in mixed pine–oak woodlands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 48(2): 153-159.
- Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Sajedi, T. and Pourhashemi, M., 2014. Forests of Iran: A Treasure from the Past, A Hope for the Future. Springer, 152p.
- Sarrionandia, E. and Salcedo, I., 2018. Macrofungal diversity of holm-oak forests at the northern limit of their distribution range in the Iberian Peninsula. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 33(1): 23-31.
- Scattolina, L., Lancellotti, E., Franceschini, A. and Montecchio, L., 2014. The ectomycorrhizal community in Mediterranean old-growth Quercus ilex forests along an altitudinal gradient. Plant Biosystems, 148(1): 74-82.
- Sherafati, M., Kazempour Osaloo, Sh., Khoshsokhan Mozaffar, M., Esmaeilbegi, Sh. and Saadati, N., 2014. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Myosotis (Boraginacea) based on nrDNA ITS sequences. Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 6(19): 83-94 (In Persian).
- Smith, M.E., Douhan, G.W. and Rizzo, D.M., 2007. Ectomycorrhizal community structure in a xeric Quercus woodland based on rDNA sequence analysis of sporocarps and pooled roots. New Phytologist, 174(4): 847-863.
- Smith, M.E. and Pfister, D.H., 2009. Tuberculate ectomycorrhizae of angiosperms: the interaction between Boletus rubropunctus (Boletaceae) and Quercus species (Fagaceae) in the United States and Mexico. American Journal of Botany, 96(9):1665-1675.
- Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J., 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (Third edition). Academic Press, New York, 800p.
- Suz, L.M., Azul, A.M., Morris, M.H., Bledsoe, C.S., and Martín, M.P., 2008. Morphotyping and molecular methods to characterize ectomycorrhizal roots and hyphae in soil: 437-474. In: Nautiyal C.S. and Dion P. (Eds.). Molecular Mechanisms of Plant and Microbe Coexistence. Soil Biology, vol 15, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 483p.
- Tedersoo, L., Jairus, T., Horton, B.M., Abarenkovi, K., Suvi, T., Saar, I. and Kõljalg, U., 2008. Strong host preference of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Tasmanian wet sclerophyll forest as revealed by DNA barcoding and taxon-specific primers. New Phytologist, 180(2): 479-490.
- Tedersoo, L., May, T.W. and Smith, M.E., 2010. Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages. Mycorrhiza, 20(4): 217-263.
- Timling, I., Dahlberg, A., Walker, D.A., Gardes, M., Charcosset, J.Y., Welker, J.M. and Taylor, D.L., 2012. Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic. Ecosphere, 3(11): 111.
- Walker, J.F., Miller, O.K. and Horton, J.L., 2005. Hyperdiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungus assemblages on oak seedlings in mixed forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Molecular Ecology, 14(3): 829-838.
- White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. and Taylor, J.W., 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics: 315-322. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J. (Eds.). PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 482p.
Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research
Volume 26, Issue 3 - Serial Number 73
November 2018
Pages 291-305

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics