The effects of seasonal changes on some chemical forest soil properties during one year (Case study: Marivan forests)

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan and the Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

Soil is one of the important components of the forest ecosystem and getting knowledge about the chemical properties of soil can be a good guide for analyzing of forest ecosystem health. In this research, soil samples were taken during a year over four times at intervals of three months (March, June, September and December) in order to evaluate the effect of seasonal changes on chemical properties of topsoil in Marivan forests. Five composite soil samples in each season were collected and altogether 20 samples were taken. Soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, electrical conductivity, potassium, calcium and magnesium were analyzed in the Lab. Data analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests. The result of this study showed that the maximum amount of organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorous were observed in the summer that was 10.7%, 0.59% and 44.7 ppm, respectively while the least amount were observed in the winter which was 8.01%, 0.2% and 39.05 ppm, respectively. There were no significant differences in organic carbon and phosphorus during year and over seasons, but total soil nitrogen showed statistically significant (p < 01) differences over time. Also pH (p < 0.01), EC (p < 0.05), Ca (p < 0.05) and Mg (p < 0.01) showed statistically significant differences over time while changes in the amount of potassium were very low and showed no statistically significant differences over a year.

Keywords

References

- Anonymous, 2006. Gazetteer of villages in Kurdistan; Baneh, Kamyaran and Sarvabad cities. Published by Ministry of Defense and Arm Forces Geographical Organization, Tehran, 389p (In Persian).
- Asona, M.Y., Compton, E.J. and Church, R., 2006. Hydrological flow paths influence inorganic and organic nutrient leaching in a forest soil. Biogeochemistry, 81(2): 191-204.
- Chen, C.R., Condron, L.M., Davis, M.R. and Sherlock, R.R., 2003. Seasonal changes in soil phosphorus and associated microbial properties under adjacent grassland and forest in New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Management, 177(1-3): 539-557.
- Diaz-Ravina, M., Acea, M.G. and Carballas, T., 1995. Seasonal changes in microbial biomass and nutrient flush in forest soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 19(2): 220-226.
- Dowdy, R.H. and Hutcheson, T.B., 1963. Effect of exchangeable potassium level drying upon availability of potassium to plants. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 27(5): 521-523.
- Fabre, A., Pinay, G. and Ruffinoni, C., 1996. Seasonal changes in inorganic and organic phosphorus in the soil of a riparian forest. Biogeochemistry, 35: 419-432.
- Fana, J., Wang, J.Y., Hu, X.F. and Chen, F.Sh., 2014. Seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen availability and phosphorus fractions under urban forest remnants of different vegetation communities in southern China. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 13(3): 576-585.
- Fatubarin, A. and Olojogba, M.R., 2014. Effect of rainfall season on the chemical properties of the soil of a southern Guinea Savanna ecosystem in Nigeria. Journal of Ecology and Natural Environment, 6(4): 182-189.
- Golley, F.B., McGinnis, J.T., Clements, R.G., Child, G.I. and Deuver, M.J., 1975. Mineral Cycling in a Tropical Moist Forest Ecosystem. University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia, 248p.
- Habibi Kaseb, H., 1992. Principles of Forest Soil. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 424p (In Persian).
- Hemwall, J.B., 1957. The fixation of phosphorus by soils. Advances in Agronomy, 9: 95-112.
- Hosseinpour, A.R., 2008. Soil Chemistry. Payame Noor University Press, Tehran, 232p (In Persian).
- Iwara, A.I., Ewa, E.E., Ogundele, F.O., Adeyemi, J.A. and Out, C.A., 2011. Ameliorating effects of Palm oil mill effluent on the physical and chemical properties of soil in Ugep, Cross River State, southern Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1(5): 106-112.
- Jafari Haghighi, M., 2003. Methods of Soil Analysis, Sampling and Important Physical and Chemical Analysis. Published by Nedaye Zoha, Tehran, 236p (In Persian).
- Jandl, R. and Sollins, P., 1997. Water-extractable soil carbon in relation to the belowground carbon cycle. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 25: 196-201.
- Johnson, D.W., Hanson, P.J. and Todd, Jr.D.E., 2002. The effect of through fall manipulation on soil leaching in a deciduous forest. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31(1): 204-216.
- Kaiser, K., Guggenberger, G., Haumaier, L. and Zech, W., 2002. The composition of dissolved organic matter in forest soil solutions: changes induced by seasons and passage through the mineral soil. Organic Geochemistry, 33: 307-318.
- Killham, K., 1991. Soil Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 242p.
- Knops, J.M.H., Bradley, K.L. and Wedin, D.A., 2002. Mechanisms of plant species impacts on ecosystem nitrogen cycling. Ecology Letters, 5(3): 454-466.
- Lusk, M.G., 1998. Sulfate dynamics and base action release in a high elevation Appalachian forest soil. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic and Institute and State University, The University of Virginia, 166p.
- Montgomery, D. R., 2007. Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 104(33): 13268-13272.
- Salardini, A.A., 2012. Soil Fertility. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 436p (In Persian).
- Vanhala, P., 2002. Seasonal variation in the soil respiration rate in coniferous forest soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34: 1375-1379.
- Yamashita, N., Ohta, S., Sase, H., Kievuttinon, B., Luangjame, J., Visaratana, T. and Garivait, H., 2011. Seasonal changes in multi-scale spatial structure of soil pH and related parameters along a tropical dry evergreen forest slope. Geoderma, 165: 31-39.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics