Identification ofrelationship between some physiographic attributes and physico-chemical soil properties and ecological groups in Melehgavan protected area, Ilam

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 M.Sc., Ilam Natural Resources office

2 Assistant Prof., Agriculture and Natural Resource Faculty, Ilam University

3 Ph.D. candidate, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch

Abstract

     This study was carried out in Melehgavan protected area (app.160 ha) located in northwestern of Ilam city. The main objective of the study was to survey the ecological species groups in relation to some physiographic attributes and soil physico-chemical properties. The field data were obtained using 67 sample plots (20m×20m) in a systematic random grid. The attributes including tree and shrub species type, number of each species and canopy coverage, which were recorded by measuring their small / large crown diameters in each sample plot. In order to record the herbaceous species, the Whitaker’s snail plot method was applied, which resulted in 81 m2 of the minimum plot area. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and TWINSPAN methods were used for the site classification, determining of the relationship between species composition and environmental properties and also definition of ecological species groups, respectively. Results indicated that there were three ecological species groups in the study area. The first group had a positive correlation with the soil pH. There was no indicator tree species in this group but Stipa capensis, Fibigia macrocarpa and Medicago rigidula could be detected as indicator herbaceous species. The second group was established in the higher elevation and its site had more moisture and mineral nutrients than the sites of other groups in the area. Quercus brantii and Bromus tectorum were identified as the indicator species for this group. Daphne mucronata and Euphorbia macroclada species were defined as the indicator species for the third group, which was established in the low elevation above sea level. The mineral nutrients of this group were less than the second group.    
 

Keywords


- ایران‌نژاد پاریزی، م.ح.، 1374. بررسی اکولوژیک جوامع گیاهی گونه‌های طبیعی بادام (در استان کرمان). پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،  145 صفحه.
ـ بصیری، ر.، 1382. مطالعه اکولوژیک منطقه رویشی وی‌ول  (.Quercus libani Olvi) با تجزیه و تحلیل عوامل محیطی در مریوان. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، دانشکده منابع طبیعی نور، 123 صفحه.
- حاجی‌زاده، ا.، 1369. خاکشناسی کشاورزی. مرکز انتشارات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، 210 صفحه.
- حیدری، م. و پوربابایی، ح.، 1386. تعیین گروه­گونه‌های بوم‌شناختی در رابطه با عوامل محیطی در منطقه قلارنگ ایلام. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه گیلان، 87 صفحه.
- زارع زردینی، ع.، 1377. مطالعه خاک، توپوگرافی و پوشش گیاهی و رابطه آن با تولید مرتع دق‌فینو استان هرمزگان. پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، 85 صفحه.
- سهرابی، ه.، 1383. تحلیل واحدهای اکوسیستمی منطقه رویش مازودار. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، 64 صفحه.
- طباطبایی، م. و قصریانی، ف.، 1371. منابع طبیعی کردستان. انتشارات بخش فرهنگی دفتر مرکزی جهاد دانشگاهی، شماره 595، 767 صفحه.
- عصری، ی.، 1374. جامعه‌شناسی گیاهی. مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، 285 صفحه.
ـ علی‌احیائی، م. و بهبهانی‌زاده، ع.، 1372. شرح روشهای تجزیه شیمیایی خاک (جلد اول). مؤسسه تحقیقات آب و خاک، نشریه شماره 893، 128 صفحه.
ـ مصداقی، م.، 1378. توصیف و تحلیل پوشش گیاهی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 287 صفحه.
- ملکوتی، م.، 1373. حاصلخیزی خاکهای مناطق خشک. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 496 صفحه.
- منافی، ح.، 1383. بررسی برخی خصوصیات بوم‌شناختی بلوط سفید در جنگلهای ارسباران. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی گیلان، صومعه سرا،         88 صفحه.
- میرزایی، ج.، 1385. رابطه بین پوشش گیاهی، خاک و توپوگرافی در جنگلهای شمال ایلام، ­پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، دانشکده منابع  طبیعی و علوم دریایی، 71 صفحه.
- Archambullt, L., Barnes, B.­V. and Witter, J.­A., 1989. Ecological species groups of oak ecosystem of southeastern  Michigan. Forest Science, 35 (4):1058 – 1074.
- Ari, T., Oliveira-Filho, E., Vilela, A., Carvalho, A. and Manuel, L., 1980. Effects of soils and topography on the distribution of tree species in a tropical reverine forest in south-eastern Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10: 483-508.
- Barnes, B.­V., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R. and Spurr, S.H., 1998. Forest Ecology. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York. 777 p.
- Baruch, Z., 2005. Vegetation-environment relationships and classification of the seasonal savannas in Venezuela, FLORA, 200: 49-69.
- Daubenmire, R.­F., 1976. The use of vegetation in assessing the productivity of forest lands. Botanical Review, 42: 115-143.
-Ellenberg, H., Weber, H.E and Dull,­ R., 1992. Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Verlag Erich Goltze KG, 262 p.
- Emerg, F., 2000. Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry. 358 p.
- Enright, N.­J., Miller, B.P. and Akhtar. R., 2005. Desert vegetation and vegetation-environment relationships in KirtharNational Park, Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Arid Environments. 61: 397-418.
- Fu, B.J., Liu, S.L., Ma, K.M. and Zhu, Y.G., 2004. Relationships between soil characteristics, topography and plant diversity in a heterogeneous deciduous broad-leaved forest near Beijing, China. Plant and soil, 261: 47-54.
- Keddy, P. and Weiher, E., 2001. The scope and goals of research on assembly rules. 1-20. In: Keddy, P. and Weiher, E. (eds.), Ecological assembly rules: Perspectives, advances, retreats. Cambridge, Cambridge university press.
- Maranon, T., Ajbilou, R., Ojeda, F. and Arroya, J., 1999. Biodiversity of woody species in oak woodland of southern Spain and northern Morocco. Forest Ecology and Management, 115: 147-156.
- McNab, W.H., Browning, S.A., Simon, S.A. and Fouts, P.E., 1999. An unconventional approach to ecosystem unit classification in western north Carolina. Forest Ecology and Management, 114: 405-420.
- Meilleur, A. and Bergeron, Y., 1992. The use of understory species as indicators of landform ecosystem type in heavily disturbed forests: an evaluation in the Haut-Saint-Laurent, Quebec. Vegetatio, 102: 13-32.
- Pabst, R.­J. and Spies, T.­A., 1998. Distribution of herb and shrubs in relation to landform and canopy cover in riparian forests of coastal Oregon. Can. J. Bot, 76: 298-315.
- Seng, M. and Deil, V., 1999. Forest vegetation types in the Serra de Monchique (Portugal): anthropogenic changes of Oak forests. Silva – Lusitana, 7 (1): 71-92.
- Smith, L.R. and Smith, M.T., 1999. Elements of ecology. 4th edition., An imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 567 p.
- Whittaker, ­R.H. and Levin, S.A., 1997. The role of mosaic phenomena in natural communities. Theoretical Population Biology, 12: 117-139.
- Witte, P.M., 2002. The descriptive capacity of ecological plant species group. Plant Ecology, 162: 199-213.