Effect of seed provenances on germination, height and diameter growth of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 M. Sc. candidate, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marin Science, Tarbiat Modares University

2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources and Marin Science, Tarbiat Modares University

3 Forest expert, Mazandaran pulp and paper industry

Abstract

   Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most valuable Iranian native broad- leaved species that its seed study is very important due to its rare distribution and valuable wood. In order to determine the effect of Prunus avium's seed origin on germination, survival and growth, seeds of wild cherry were collected from different sites including: Lajim (900 m.a.s.l.), Neka (1000 m.a.s.l.) and Farim (1200 m.a.s.l.). Seeds were sown in nursery of Mazandaran pulp and paper industry at 140 m.a.s.l. Seed germination, survival and height growth of seedlings were measured and recorded after first growth season. Results showed that the effect of seed source on germination was statistically significant. The effect of seed source on seedling survival and the height growth of seedling were significant too. Germination rate, height and diameter growth of seeds which collected from Lajim origin was higher than other origins.

Keywords


- آزادفر، د.، 1377. بررسیهای اکولوژیک و کلاسه­بندی ژنتیکی درختان گیلاس وحشی جنگل تحقیقاتی واز. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 149 صفحه.
- اسپهبدی، ک.، میرزایی ندوشن، ح.، اکبری نیا، م. و دهقانی شورکی، ی.، 1385. اثر ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر رویاندن بذر بارانک. مجله منابع طبیعی ایران، 59(1): 113 – 103.
- شیخ الاسلامی، ع.، 1375، بررسی برخی ویژگیهای اکولوژیک گیلاس وحشی (آلوکک) در جنگلهای شمال کشور. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، 172 صفحه.
- طبری، م.، یوسف زاده، ح.، اسپهبدی، ک. و جلالی، غ.، 1385. اثر مبدا بذر روی زی‌ توده و رشد اولیه افرا. پژوهش و سازندگی در منابع طبیعی، 73: 194-189 صفحه.
- قلیچ‌خانی، م.م.، طبری، م.، اکبری­نیا، م.، اسپهبدی، ک. و جلالی، س.غ.، 1384. اثر شدت نور و هرس ریشه بر زنده­مانی و شادابی نهال بلندمازو. پژوهش و سازندگی، 69: 86-82.
- هدایتی، م.، 1379. سیر تحول جنگل­کاری در شمال کشور، تنگناها و راهکارها. مجموعه مقالات همایش ملی مدیریت جنگلهای شمال و توسعه پایدار، جلد اول: 369- 345.
- Beuker, E., Valtonen, E. and Tapani, R., 1998. Seasonal variation in the frost hardiness of Scots pine and Norway spruce in old provenance experiments in Finland. Forest Ecology and Management, 107: 87–98.
- Callaham, R.Z. and Liddecoet, A.R., 1961. Altitudinal variation at 20 years in Ponderosa and Jeffrey pines. J. For. 59: 814–820.
- Cecil, J. and Fare, D., 2002. Effect of seed source on first year growth of Quercus phellos and Q. shumardii. SNA )Southern Nursery Association), Research conference proceeding, 47: 295-299.
- Chauhan, S., Negi, A.K and Todaria, N.P., 1996. Effect of provenance variation and temperature on seed germination of Alnus nepalensis. Plant physiology and Biochemistry, 23: 94-95.
- Dhanay, C. S, Uniyal, A. K. and Todaria, N. P., 2003, Source variation in Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Mer.: Seed and seedling characteristics. Silvae Genetica, 52: 259-266.
- Hamrick, J. L., 1976. Variation and selection in western montane species, II. Variation within and between populations of white fir on an elevational transect. Theor. Appl. Genet., 47: 27–34.
- Hawkins, B. J., Russell, J. and Shortt, R., 1994. Effect of population, environment, and maturation on the frost hardiness of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis). Can. J. For. Res., 24: 945–953.
- Hermann, R. K and Lavender, D.P., 1968. Early growth of Douglas-fir from various altitudes and aspects in southern Oregon. Silvae Genetica, 17: 143–151.
- Hosseini, S. M., 2004. Incomparable Roles of Caspian Forests: Heritage of Humankind, Forest sciences, 3: 31- 40.
- Isik, K., 1986. Altitudinal variation in Pinus brutia Ten.: Seed and seedling characteristics. Silvae Genetica, 35: 58-67.
- ISTA, 1999. International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology 27 (Supplement), 380 p.
- Kurahashi, A. and Hamaya, T., 1981. Variation of morphological characters and growth response of Saghalien fir (Abies sachalinensis) in different altitudes (in Japanese with English summary). Bull. TokyoUniv. For., 71: 101–151.
- Kurahashi, A., Sasaki, C., Ogasawara, S., Takahashi, M., Iguchi, K. and Kasahara, H., 1992. Altitudinal variation of cones, seeds and offspring seedlings of Picea jezoensis in the TokyoUniversityForest in Hokkaido (in Japanese). Trans. Mtg. Hokkaido Branch, Jpn. For. Soc. 40: 56–58.
- Nielsen, C. N. and Jorgensen, F. V., 2003. Phenology and diameter increment in seedlings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) as affected by different soil water contents: variation between and within provenances. Forest Ecology and Management, 174: 233–249.
- Norcini, J.G., Aldrich, J.H. and Martin, F.G., 2001. Seed Source Effects on Growth and Flowering of Coreopsis lanceolata and Salvia lyrata.Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 19 (4): 212-215.
- Oukabli, A. and Mahhou, A., 2007. Dormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Biothecnol. Agron. Soc. Environ., 11 (2):133-139.
- Piotto, D., Montagnini, F., Ugalde, L. and Kanninen, M., 2002. Growth and effects of thinning of mixed and pure plantations with native trees in humid tropical Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management, 177: 427-439.
- Schmidtling, R. C., 1994. Using provenance test to predict response to climatic change: Lobolly pine and Norway spruce. Tree physiology, 14: 805-817.
- Soule, M.,1973. The epitasis cycle. A Theory of marginal population. Ann. Rev. Ecology and systematic, 4: 165-187.
- Savill, P.S., 1992. The silviculture of trees used in British forestry, oxford CAB, 44: 420-440.
- Todaria, N. P. and Negi, A. K., 1995. Effect of elevation and temperature on seed germination of some Himalayan tree species. Plant physiology and Biochemistry, 22 (2): 178-182.