Investigation on leaf spectral reflectance of most important species of Caspian forests using field Spectroradiometry

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. student, Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran

2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran

3 Professor, Geo- information Dep., University of Wageningen

4 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Tehran

Abstract

Remote sensing systems especially hyperspectral remote sensing for recognizing tree species and mapping forest type requires fundamental knowledge of spectral reflectance of desired tree species. A field of remote sensing named field spectrometry dealing with determination of these spectral characteristics tries to provide the spectral libraries for different objects. The main objective of this study was to prepare the spectral signature of the most important forest tree species of the northern forests of Iran. With this respect for the first time, field Spectroradiometric measurements were carried out using a full range spectrometer with WageningenUniversity of the Netherlands corporation during the summer 2007. The spectral fingerprint of five tree species namely Fagus orientalis, Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Alnus subcordata and Parrotia persica located in the Experimental Forest of Tehran University was prepared. A total of 321 leaf pile spectral curves were acquired of 107 trees of the mentioned species in altitude gradients between 400m and 2100m under clear and cloudless sky. A total of 100 scan for each leaf pile sample have been performed and averaged. After quality control and noises remove, the spectral fingerprint of the species was prepared along 350-2500nm. In order to investigate the spectral reflectance differences, five important vegetation indices related to leaf chlorophyll content were calculated and statistically analyzed. We conclude that the Vogelmann index and Simple Ratio is more sensitive to chlorophyll content in comparison to the other indices. It shows that hornbeam is significantly different in spectral signatures compared to beech, oak, and alder as well as ironwood with alder and oak being statistically different (p<0.0001, α= 0.01). For further investigation of spectral reflectance differences, we propose to make a correlation with extracted chlorophyll content and investigate the suitable vegetation indices related to other biochemical constituents and water content.

Keywords

References

- جوانشیر، ک.، 1355، اتلس گیاهان چوبی ایران. انجمن ملی حفاظت منابع طبیعی و محیط انسانی. 170 صفحه.
- شتایی جویباری، ش.، درویش صفت، ع.ا. و سبحانی، ه.، 1386. مقایسه روشهای طبقه‌بندی شی- پایه و پیکسل پایه تصاویر ماهواره‌ای در طبقه‌بندی تیپ‌های جنگل. مجله منابع طبیعی ایران، 6(2): 881-869.
- مروی مهاجر، م.ر.، نصرتی، ک.، دیتر کناپ، ه. و بوده، و.، 1384. حفاظت از تنوع زیستی و مدیریت پایدار جنگلهای خزری (شمال ایران). مجموعه مقالات ارائه شده در سمینار کارشناسی، کلارآباد (چالوس): 19- 12 شهریور 1380. 187 صفحه.
-Asner, G.P., 1998. Biophysical and biochemical sources of variability in canopy reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment, 64: 134-53.
-Azong Cho, M. and Skidmore, A.K., 2006. A new technique for extracting the red edge position from hyperspectral data: The linear extrapolation method. Remote Sensing of Environment, 101: 181-193.
-Barry, K.M., Stone, C. and Mohammed, C.L., 2008. Crown-scale evaluation of spectral indices for defoliated and discolored eucalypts. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29: 47-69.
-Blackburn, G.A., 1998. Spectral indices for estimating photosynthetic pigment concentrations: A test using senescent tree leaves. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(4): 657-675.
-Clevers, J.G.P.W., Heijden, G.W., Van der, A.M., Verzakov, S. and Schaepman, M.E., 2005. Estimating spatial patterns of biomass and nitrogen status in grasslands through imaging spectrometry. In: 9th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing (ISPMSRS), Beijing, 17-19 October 2005. Beijing: ISPRS WG VII/1: 56-59.
-Darvishsefat, A., Abbasi, M. and Mohajer, M.R.M., 2003. Evaluation of the Potential of Landsat ETM for Forest Type Mapping in Northern Iran. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCES, 34(7/B): 956-957.
-Datt, B., 1999. Visible/near infrared reflectance and chlorophyll content in Eucalyptus leaves. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20(14): 2741-2759.
-Filella, I. and Peñuelas, J., 1994. The red edge position and shape as indicators of plant chlorophyll content, biomass and hydric status. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 15(7):1459-1470.
-Gamon, J.A., Peñuelas, J. and Field, C.B., 1992. A narrow-waveband spectral index that tracks diurnal changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Remote Sensing of Environment, 41: 35-44.
-Gitelson, A. and Merzlyak, M.N., 1994. Quantitative estimation of chlorophyll-a using reflectance spectra: Experiments with autumn chestnut and maple leaves. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology, 22: 247-252.
-Gitelson, A.A., Gritz, Y. and Merzlyak, M.N., 2003. Relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance and algorithms for non-destructive chlorophyll assessment in higher plant leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160: 271-282.
-Gausman, H.W. and Allen W.A., 1973. Optical Parameters of Leaves of 30 Plant Species. International journal of plant physiology, 52:      57-62.
-Hüni, A., Nieke, J., Schopfer, J., Kneubühler, M., and Itten, K.I., 2007. Meta data of spectral data collections. Proceedings 5th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy. Bruges, Belgium, April 23-25. 10 p.
-Jacqumoud, S. and Ustin, S.L., 2000. Leaf optical properties: a state of the art. Proceeding. 8th International Symposium Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing, Aussois (France), 8-12 January 2001, CNES: 223-232.
-Kneubuehler, M., Schaepman, M.E. and Kellenberger, T.W., 1998. Comparison of different approaches of selecting endmembers to classify agricultural land by means of hyperspectral data (DAIS7915). International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2: 888-890.
-Latifi, H. and Oladi, D., 2006. Evaluating landsat ETM+ data capability to produce forest cover type maps in the timberline of northern forests of Iran. Taiwan J. For. Sci., 21(3): 363-375.
-Le Maire, G., François, C. and Dufrêne, E., 2004. Towards universal broad leaf chlorophyll indices using PROSPECT simulated database and hyperspectral reflectance measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment, 89 (1): 1-28.
-Lovelock, C.E. and Robinson, S.A., 2002. Surface reflectance properties of Antarctic moss and their relationship to plant species, pigment composition and photosynthetic function. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25: 1239–1250.
-Malenovsky, Z., Ufer, C., Lhotakova, Z., Clevers, J.G.P.W., Schaepman, M.E., Cudlin, P. and Albrechtova, J., 2005. A new Optical Index for Chlorophyll Estimation of a Forest Canopy from Hyperspectral Images. In: Zagajewski, B. and Sobczak, M., (Eds.). Imaging Spectroscopy-New Quality in Environmental Studies, EARSeL, Warsaw (Pl), 1: 651-659.
-Schaepman, M.E. and Dangel S., 2000. Solid laboratory calibration of nonimaging spectroradiometer. Applied Optics, 39(21):     3754-3764.
-Sims, D.A. and Gamon, J.A., 2002. Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment, 81: 337-354.
-Stimson, H.C., Breshears, D.D., Ustin, S.L. and Kefauver, S.C., 2005. Spectral sensing of foliar water conditions in two co-occurring conifer species: Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma. Remote Sensing of Environment, 96: 108-118.
-Ustin, S.L., Smith, M.O. and Adams J.B., 1993. Remote sensing of ecological processes: A strategy for developing and testing ecological models using spectral mixture analysis. In: Ehrlinger, J.R. and Field, C.B., (Eds.). Scaling Physiological Processes. Leaf to Globe, Academic Press, San Diego: 339–357.
-Ustin, S.L., Asner, G.P., Gamon, J.A., Gitelson, A.A., Huemmrich, K.F., Jacquemoud, S., Schaepman, M.E. and Zarco-Tejada, P.J., 2006. Retrieval of quantitative and qualitative information about plant pigment systems from high resolution spectroscopy. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Article number 4241664: 1996-1999.  
-Vogelmann, J.E., Rock, B.N. and Moss, D.M., 1993. Red edge spectral measurements from sugar maple leaves. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14: 1563–1575.
-Yoder, B.J., and Pettigrew-Crosby, R.E., 1995. Predicting Nitrogen and Chlorophyll Content and Concentrations from Reflectance Spectra (400-9, 500 nm) at Leaf and Canopy Scales. Remote Sensing of Environment, 53: 199-211.
Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research
Volume 17, Issue 4 - Serial Number 38
January 2010
Pages 580-568

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics