Effect of cutting source and planting depth on vegetative propagation of Populus caspica Bornm.

Document Type : Research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University

2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University

3 Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands

4 Professor, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute

5 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yasouj

Abstract

For vegetative propagation of Populus caspica an examination was carried out as randomized completely blocks design in Koludeh nursery, Amol, north of Iran. For this purpose 3-bud cuttings, with stock plants provided from stem of 1-year sapling, 1-year sprout of tetard, 1-year branch of tree, and plantation methods of cuttings with 3 buds under ground and 2 buds under ground, were sown in plastic pods filled with loamy-sand soil. Results revealed that cuttings with 3 buds under ground germinated two weeks later than cuttings with 2 buds under ground. Cuttings with stem of 1-year sapling and 1-year branch of tree produced greater germination (60%- 62%) and production efficiency (46%- 48%), but lower survival 60%- 77%), height growth and collar diameter growth compared to cuttings with 1-year sprout of tetard. Cuttings with 2 buds under ground created higher germination rate and lower survival rate than those with 3 buds under ground; however, production efficiency as well as height growth and collar diameter growth was similar in both treatments. From this investigation it can be deduced that stem of 1-year sapling as well as 1-year sprout of tetard is favored for vegetative propagation of Populus caspica. This is while that, 3-bud cuttings either as 1 bud on ground or 3 buds under ground do not change production efficiency, statistically.

Keywords


- احمدلو، ف.، طبری، م.، رحمانی، ا.، یوسف‌زاده، ح. و کوچ، ی.، 1388. اثر ترکیبات ماده آلی بر رشد و بازده تولید کاج بروسیا و کاج حلب. مجله جنگل ایران، 4 (1): 299-287.
- اسدی، ف. و قاسمی، ر.، 1386. ارزیابی موفقیت ریشه‌زایی قلمه کلن‌های صنوبر با استفاده از تیمارهای مختلف. تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران، 15 (2): 143-134.
- امام، ا. و شهرزاد، ش.، 1380. ریز ازدیادی سفید‌پلت (Populus caspica). پژوهش و سازندگی در منابع طبیعی، 14 (4): 90-84.
- جعفری مفیدآبادی، ع.، 1384. تکثیر درخت سفید‌پلت از طریق کشت تخمدان بالغ (Populus caspica). تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران، 13 (1): 36-29.
- خسروجردی، ا.، طبری، م.، رحمانی، ا. و حسینی، س.م.، 1384. اثر قطر و تعداد جوانه قلمه روی جوانه‌زنی. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 12 (6): 194-189.
- خسروجردی، ا.، طبری م.، رحمانی ا. و حسینی س.م.، 1385. بررسی زنده‌مانی نهالهای چنار تولید شده از قلمه‌های مختلف. پژوهش و سازندگی در منابع طبیعی،  19 (3):100-95.
- خوشنویس، م.، علی‌احمد کروری، س.، تیموری، م.، متینی‌زاده، م.، رحمانی، ا. و شیروانی، ا.، 1387. بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف بر ریشه‌زایی قلمه Juniperus excelsa. تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران، 16 (1):     167-158.
- دانشور، ح.ع.، مدیررحمتی، ع. و فیضی، م.ت.، 1388. بررسی خصوصیات رویشی کلنهای مختلف صنوبر در خزانه‌های سلکسیون در استان اصفهان. تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران، 17 (1): 24-10.
- دهقان شورکی، ی.، 1384. تولید بذر و نهال درختان جنگلی. انتشارات سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی،        222 صفحه.
- سالاردینی، ع.ا.، 1371. حاصل‌خیزی خاک. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 441 صفحه.
- گودرزی، غ. و مدیررحمتی، ع.، 1381. بررسی نهالهای یکساله کلن‌های مختلف صنوبر در خزانه‌های سلکسیون در استان مرکزی. تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران، 11 (3): 82-37.
- مختاری، ج.، 1376. بررسی کمی و کیفی توده‌های سفیدپلت در جنگل نور (مازندران). پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته جنگل‌داری، دانشگاه تهران، 140 صفحه.
- Abdeldayem, A.M., 2000. Evaluation and genetic identification of some Populus species by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of total soluble proteins. In: poplar and willow culture: meeting the needs of society and the environment. 21st session of the International Poplar Commission (IPC 2000), 1 p.
- Amiri, E., Lyaruu, H.V.M., Nyomora, A.S. and Kanyeka, Z.L., 2010. Vegetative propagation of African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.): effects of age of donor plant, IBA treatment and cutting position on rooting ability of stem cuttings. New Forests, 39: 183-194.
- Aytonn, J., 1977. Hardwood cutting-field production. Proceedings of International Plant Propagation Society, 27: 64-67.
- Bhardwaj, D.R. and Mishra, V.K., 2005. Vegetative propagation of Ulmus villosa: effects of plant growth regulators, collection time, type of donor and position of shoot on adventitious root formation in stem cuttings. New Forests, 29: 105-116.
- Blazich, F.A., 1988. Mineral nutrition and adventitious rooting. In: Davis, T.D., Haissig, B.E., Sankhla, N., (Eds.), Advances in plant sciences. Volume 2, Adventitious root formation in cuttings. Portland, R: Dioscorides Press: 11-28.
- Browne, R.D., Davidson, C.G., Steeves, T.A. and Gobin, S.M., 1998. Effects of crown position and plant age on rooting of jack pine long shoot cuttings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27: 91-96.
- Chauhan, L., Gupta S., Madhwal R.C., Pandey R. and Pal, M., 2001. Interclonal and within tree variation in wood parameters of different clones Populus deltoides. Indian Forester, 127 (7): 777-784.
- Harfouche, A., Baoune, N. and Merazga, H., 2007. Main and interaction effects of factors on softwood cutting of white poplar (Populus alba L.). Silvae Genetica, 56: 287-294.
- Hartmann, H.T., Hudson, T., Kester, D.E., Dale, E.K., Davies, J.R. and Geneve, R.L., 2002. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. 7th ed., Prentice-Hall of London, 770 p.
- Krakowski, J., Benowicz, A., Russell, J.H. and El-Kassaby, Y.A., 2005. Effects of serial propagation, donor age, and genotype on Chamaecyparis nootkatensis physiology and growth traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35: 623-632.
- Mitchell, R.G., Zwolinski, J. and Jones, N.B., 2004. A review on the effects of donor maturation on rooting and field performance of conifer cuttings. South African Forestry Journal, 201: 53-63.
- Munõz-Gutiérez, L., Vargas-Hernández, J.J., López-Upton, J. and Soto-Hernández, M., 2009. Effect of cutting age and substrate temperature on rooting of Taxus globosa. New Forests, 38: 187-196.
- Nanda, K.K. and Anand, V.K., 1970. Seasonal changes in auxin effects on rooting of stem cuttings of Populus nigra and its relationship with mobilization of starch. Physiol. Plant, 23: 99–107.
- Nanda, K.K., Bhattacharya, N.C., Murti, K.G. and Kaur, N.P., 1972. Studies on isoperoxidases and their relationship with rooting stem and Hypocotyl cuttings of Populus nigra and Phaseolus mango.   In: Mohan Ram, H.Y., (Ed.). Symposium on Curr Trends in Plant Science. Delhi University, New Delhi, India, 3-10 October: 28-30.
- Opuni, E., Karnosky, D.F., Storer, A.J. and Cobbinah, J.R., 2008. Key roles of leaves, stock plant age, and auxin concentration in vegetative propagation of two African mahoganies: Khaya anthotheca Welw. and Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. New Forests, 36:115-123.
- Pythoud, F. and Buchala, A.J., 1989. Peroxidase activity and adventitious rooting in cuttings of Populus tremula. Plant Physiol Biochem, 27 (4): 503-510.
- Ruiz-Garciá, R., Vargas-Hernández, J.J., Cetina-Alcalá, V.M. and Villegas-Monter, A., 2005. Efecto del ácido indolbutirico (AIB) y tipo de estaca en el enraizado de Gmelina arborea Roxb. Rev. Fitotec. Mex., 28: 319-326.
- Russell, M.B. and Honkala, B.H., 1990. Silvics of North America: Vol. 2: Hardwoods. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, USA, 877 p.
- Schmidt, L., 1993. Vegetative Propagation. UNDP/FAO Regional Project on Tree Breeding and Propagation, Philippines.
- Snedden, J., Landhausser, S.M., Lieffers, V.J. and Charleson, L.R., 2010. Propagating trembling aspen from root cuttings: impact of storage length and phenological period of root donor plants. New Forests, 39: 169-182.
- Stanley, J. and Toogood, A., 1981. The modern Nurseryman. Faber Limited. London, 412 p.
- Steele, M.J., Yeoman, M.M. and Coutts, M.P., 1990. Developmental changes in Sitka spruce as indices of physiological age. II. Rooting of cuttings and callusing of needle explants. New Phytol., 114:     111-120.
- Stenvall, N., Haapala, T. and Pulkkinen, P., 2004. Effect of genotype, age and treatment of stock plants on propagation of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×Populus tremuloides) by root cuttings. Scand. J. For. Res., 19: 303-311.
- Stenvall, N., Haapala, T., Aarlahti, S. and Pulkkinen, P., 2005. The effect of soil temperature and light on sprouting and rooting of root cuttings of hybrid aspen clones. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35: 2671-2678.
- Stenvall, N., Haapala, T. and Pulkkinen, P., 2006. The role of a root cutting’s diameter and location on the regeneration ability of hybrid aspen. Forest Ecology and Management, 237: 150-155.
- Whally, D.N., 1972. The propagation of certain deciduous plants by hardwood cutting. Proceedings of International Plant Propagation Society, 22:    304-318.
- Zalesny, R.S., Hall, R.B., Bauer, E.O. and Riemenschneider, D.E., 2003. Shoot position affects root initiation and growth of dormant unrooted cuttings of Populus. Silvae Genetica, 52 (8):       273-279.