تأثیر اندازه قطر درخت بر فنولوژی کامبیوم و رویش شعاعی ممرز (Carpinus betulus) در جنگل خیرود نوشهر

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیولوژی و آناتومی چوب، گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، ‌استادیار، گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

    با توجه به اهمیت ممرز (L. Carpinus betulus)در جنگل‌های هیرکانی، بررسی فعالیت کامبیوم و تشکیل حلقه رویش در طبقه‌های قطری مختلف این گونه درختی می‌تواند اطلاعات بیشتری در مورد مقدار و چگونگی رشد آن فراهم کند. در این راستا، زمان آغاز، پایان و طول دوره‌ فعالیت کامبیوم (دوره‌ رویش) و نیز نرخ رشد قطری در سه طبقه قطری مختلف (25 تا 35، 36 تا 50 و 60 تا 90 سانتی‌متر) در جنگل خیرود نوشهر طی فصل رویشی 1395 مطالعه شد. شیوه مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، انتخاب 1080 ریز‌نمونه‌ از ارتفاع قطر برابر سینه درختان و بررسی میکروسکوپی بود. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت کامبیوم در طبقه قطری نخست و دوم در اوایل اردیبهشت‌ماه آغاز شد و به‌ترتیب تا اواخر و اواسط مهرماه ادامه داشت. در طبقه قطری سوم، فعالیت کامبیوم با تأخیر قابل ملاحظه‌ای نسبت به طبقه‌های قطری نخست و دوم آغاز شد (اواخر اردیبهشت‌ماه) و زودتر از آن‌ها (در اوایل مهرماه) به پایان رسید. علاوه‌‌براین، رشد قطری طبقه سوم به‌مراتب کمتر از دو طبقه دیگر بود. در بین درختان جوان و کم‌قطر‌، هماهنگی و رفتار مشابهی از نظر مقدار رشد روزانه مشاهده شد و با افزایش سن درخت و نزدیک شدن به سن دیرزیستی، همگنی رشد درون توده جنگلی کاهش یافت. در مجموع به‌نظر می‌رسد که درختان طبقه قطری نخست و دوم در مرحله بلوغ بودند و در نتیجه زمان‌بندی رویش آن‌ها به‌هم شبیه بود، اما درختان طبقه قطری سوم که نزدیک به سن دیرزیستی بودند، تفاوت قابل ملاحظه‌ای با دو طبقه قطری دیگر داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of tree diameter class on cambium phenology and radial growth of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in Kheiroud forest, Nowshahr

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Ali Nourisadegh 1
  • Reza Oladi 2
  • Kambiz Pourtahmasi 3
  • Vahid Etemad 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Wood Biology and Anatomy, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Prof., Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

     According to the importance of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in Hyrcanian forests, studying cambium activity and tree-ring growth of this species with respect to different tree diameter classes can present information about the growth of these trees. Therefore, the beginning, the end, and the duration of cambium activity (growth period) as well as growth rate were studied in three different breath height diameter classes i.e. 25-35, 36-50 and 60-90 cm in 2016 growing season in Kheiroud forest. The study method was consecutive extracting of 1080 micro-cores from trees and further microscopic investigations. Results showed that the cambium activity of trees belonging to the first and second diameter classes started in late April and, respectively, continued until early and mid-October. In the third diameter class, cambium activity began with a significant delay compared to the first and second ones (late May) and ended earlier (late September). In addition, this class had the shortest duration of growth among classes resulting in much narrower tree rings. Younger trees (class one) showed a higher synchronization in the terms of daily growth rate while with increasing age and reaching the longevity, homogeneity in growth decreased. Overall, it seems that trees in the first and second diameter class were in the phase of maturity and thus the timing of their growth were similar, but old trees of the third diameter class, reaching the longevity of hornbeam, were very different from two other ones.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Annual growth
  • diameter class
  • Gompertz function
  • Hyrcanian forests

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