ظرفیت وزنی ذخایر کربن آلی خاک در ارتباط با تغییرات تنوع زیستی توده‌های طبیعی پارک جنگلی نور

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری جنگل‌داری، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

 یکی از مهم‌ترین اصول مدیریت توسعه پاک، افزایش و یا حفظ موجودی ذخایر کربن آلی در اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی است. با توجه به این‌که حفظ تنوع زیستی نیز یکی از معیارهای اصلی توسعه پایدار محسوب می‌شود، پژوهش پیش‌رو در توده‌های طبیعی توسکا- انجیلی، پلت- انجیلی و اوجا- ممرز پارک جنگلی نور (مازندران) برای بررسی ارتباط بین مقادیر ترسیب کربن خاک و تنوع زیستی گیاهی انجام شد. هدف اصلی پژوهش این بود که آیا تغییرات تنوع زیستی گیاهی معرف مناسبی برای پایش صحیح ظرفیت وزنی ذخایر کربن خاک در جنگل مورد مطالعه محسوب می‌شود یا خیر. شاخص‌های رایج تنوع زیستی اشکوب‌های مختلف در قالب قطعه‌نمونه‌های 400 متر مربعی با پنج تکرار با توزیع کامل تصادفی در هر توده محاسبه شد و لایه‌های خاک (صفر تا 20 سانتی‌متری و 20 تا 40 سانتی‌متری) برای اندازه‌گیری کربن نمونه‌برداری شدند. نتایج حاکی از تغییرات معنی‌دار شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی پوشش‌های گیاهی در توده‌های مختلف بود. فقط غنای گونه‌ای و غلبه گونه‌ای اشکوب درختی در توده‌های مورد مطالعه تغییرات معنی‌داری نداشتند. نتایج نشان داد که در توده توسکا- انجیلی نسبت به توده‌های دیگر، به‌طور معنی‌داری ذخایر کربن آلی کمتری در افق‌های مختلف خاک وجود داشت، درصورتی‌که در توده پلت- انجیلی بیشترین ذخایر کربن آلی در افق‌های آلی و معدنی خاک وجود داشت. نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین غلبه گونه‌ای پوشش درختی و ذخایر کربن لایه معدنی خاک ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود داشت که نشان می‌دهد تراکم جمعیت و پراکندگی درختان گونه‌های غالب توده در میزان ذخایر کربن لایه معدنی خاک تأثیرگذار بوده است. ظرفیت وزنی ذخایر کربن عمق‌های آلی و معدنی خاک با شاخص وفور و با شاخص یکنواختی پایلو فلور کف جنگل همبستگی معنی‌داری داشت. از این‌رو میزان پوشش و نحوه توزیع پایه‌های علفی در جنگل مورد مطالعه می‌تواند معرف ویژگی‌های مقادیر وزنی کربن ترسیب‌شده افق‌های مختلف خاک باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Potential weight of soil organic carbon pool in relation to variation of natural stands biodiversity in Noor Forest Park, Mazandaran province

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Asqar Vahedi
Ph.D. Forestry, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most important principles of clean development management (CDM) is to maintain or increase organic carbon pool in the natural ecosystems. As keeping the biodiversity is one of the prominent criteria of sustainable development, this study was conducted to study the relationship between the amount of carbon sequestration and plant biodiversity in the natural stands of Alder-Ironwood (AI), Maple- Ironwood (MI) and Elm-Hornbeam (EH) in the Noor Forest Park, Mazandaran province. The main purpose was to see if variation of plant biodiversity represents the optimal monitoring of soil carbon stock in the studied forest. The common diversity indices related to the different plant storeys were calculated in the random distributed plots with 400 m2 and five repetitions in each stand. Furthermore, the 0- 20 and 20 – 40 cm soil depths were sampled in each stand to measure carbon factor. The results showed significant differences amongst the plant biodiversity indices of the studied stands. Only the index of species richness and species dominance of tree storey was not significantly different among the stands. As such, the findings showed that the AI stand had significantly less soil carbon stock in different soil layers compared to other stands; however, the soil organic carbon was significantly higher in the different soil depths in the MI stand. The results of Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant relationship between tree species dominance and mineral layer of soil carbon stock, implying that density and dispersion of dominant tree species in the stands prominently affect the carbon stock of the soil mineral layer. As such, the following results indicated that potential level of carbon pool of soil organic and mineral layers are significantly correlated with the abundance and evenness of herbal storey. Therefore, coverage and distribution of herbal species in the studied forest can be considered to represent the carbon pool weight in the different soil horizons.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Biodiversity
  • Carbon sequestration
  • clean development management
  • Noor forest park
  • tree and herbal coverage

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