بررسی شاخص‌های ادراکی جوامع محلی از خدمات بوم‌سازگان و اهمیت جنگل‌های مانگرو در ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ‏استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه لرستان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، خرم آباد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران‏

3 دکتری گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: جنگل‌های مانگرو، منشأ تولید و عرضه کالاها و خدمات وسیعی برای جوامع انسانی هستند. ‏این منابع باارزش، ‌نقش مهمی در ایجاد بستری ‏مناسب برای توسعه فعالیت‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی ‏در زندگی انسان ‏دارند. بررسی درک جوامع محلی در ارتباط با این خدمات می‌تواند به عنوان راهنمایی برای ‏حفاظت و چگونگی بهره‌برداری از این بوم‌سازگان‌های طبیعی را آشکار کند. بدین‌ ترتیب در پژوهش پیش‌رو، میزان ادراک جوامع محلی از خدمات بوم‌سازگان جنگل‌های مانگرو در ایران ‏ بررسی شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: گردآوری داده‌ها به روش پیمایشی و از طریق پرسش‌نامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده انجام ‏شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها و اطلاعات نیز به روش کمی و آزمون‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی در نرم‌افزار ‏SPSS v22.0‎‏ انجام گرفت. روایی پژوهش مبتنی‌بر روش‌های سازه و صوری، و پایایی با استفاده از آلفای ‏کرونباخ (92/0= α) محاسبه شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش، جوامع محلی با حجم نمونه برابر با 400 نفر درنظر گرفته شد. نمونه‌گیری به روش خوشه‌ای و با در نظر گرفتن ‏سهم جمعیت هریک از روستاها برای جوامع محلی به روش سیستماتیک و به تفکیک ‏جنسیت زنان و مردان انجام شد.
نتایج: ‏34 درصد از معیشت جوامع محلی به‌طور مستقیم به جنگل‌های مانگرو ایران وابسته بودند. بیشتر از ‏‏60 درصد از پاسخ‌دهندگان معتقد بودند که با تخریب این جنگل‌ها، معیشت آن‌ها به خطر می‌افتد. ‏همچنین، ‏مقایسه میانگین درک جوامع محلی از خدمات فرهنگی جنگل‌های ‏مانگرو نشان داد که میزان ‏ادراک جوامع محلی به دلیل وابستگی ‏به ‏جنگل‌های مانگرو در تأمین نیازهای ‏روزانه، و از طرفی، حس تعلق مکانی با زندگی در مجاورت ‏این رویشگاه‌های ‏طبیعی و ارزشمند در سطح قابل‌توجهی است. نتایج ‏اثرگذاری مستقیم یا غیرمستقیمِ ابعاد خدمات فرهنگی نیز نشان داد که ابعاد «حس مکان و الهامات»، «تنوع ‏‏فرهنگی» و «روابط اجتماعی» به طور مشترک، اثرات مثبت و مستقیمی بر جوامع محلی دارند. براین‌اساس، ایجاد آگاهی و افزایش درک ذی‌نفعان‏ از خدمات و حساسیت‌های زیستیِ این ‏رویشگاه‌های طبیعی و ارزشمند، اهمیت زیادی دارند و می‌توانند به حفظ اراضی جنگلی و حفاظت بیشتر از این منابع ارزشمند کمک کنند.
نتیجه‌گیری کلی: جنگل‌های مانگرو ایران از مهم‌ترین ثروت‌های طبیعی کشور محسوب می‌شوند که کارکردها و خدمات مختلفی به‌ویژه در ‏ابعاد فرهنگی برای حیات انسان فراهم می‌کنند، بنابراین‏ بررسی شناخت و درک جوامع به‌منظور حفاظت، برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت ‏آن‌ها، اهمیت زیادی دارد. همچنین، ‏تداوم در بهره‌وری از خدمات بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی، مستلزم افزایش ‏مشارکت و درک ذی‌نفعان‏ از این منابع طبیعی است. براین‌اساس با ایجاد آگاهی و افزایش درک ذی‌نفعان‏ از اهمیت و ‏حساسیت‌های زیستی این بوم‌سازگان‌ها می‌توان موجبات بهبود نگرش و تمایلات آن‌ها ‏را نسبت به حفظ جنگل‌های مانگرو و حفاظت بیشتر از این منابع فراهم کرد.
واژه‌های کلیدی: آموزش و آگاهی، جنگل‌ مانگرو، جوامع محلی، خدمات بوم‌سازگان، شاخص‌های ادراکی.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating local communities' perception indicators of ecosystem services and the importance of Iran's mangrove forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvaneh Sobhani 1
  • Afshin Danehkar 2
  • Roghayeh Garmaeepour 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Natural Resources Faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, ‎Iran
2 Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, ‎Iran‎
3 Ph.D., Department of Environment, Natural Resources of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Mangrove forests provide a wide range of goods and ecosystem services for human societies. These valuable resources play an important role in creating suitable conditions for the development of economic and social activities. Therefore, examining local communities' perceptions of these services can provide valuable guidance for the protection and sustainable use of these natural ecosystems. Accordingly, the present study investigated the level of perception of local communities regarding the ecosystem services provided by Iran's mangrove forests.
Methodology: Data were collected using a survey approach through questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative methods and descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS v22.0. The validity of the study was assessed using structural and face validity methods, and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.92). The statistical population consisted of local communities, and a sample size of 400 respondents was selected. Sampling was conducted using a cluster sampling method, considering the population share of each village, and was systematically stratified by gender.
Results: Approximately 34% of the livelihoods of local communities were directly dependent on Iran's mangrove forests, and more than 60% of respondents believed that the destruction of these forests would threaten their livelihoods. Furthermore, analysis of local communities' perceptions of the cultural services of mangrove forests indicated a high level of awareness, largely due to their dependence on these forests for meeting daily needs and their strong sense of place associated with living near these valuable natural habitats. The results regarding the direct and indirect dimensions of cultural services also showed that the dimensions of sense of place and inspiration, cultural diversity, and social relations have positive and direct effects on local communities. Therefore, increasing awareness and enhancing stakeholders' understanding of the ecological services and sensitivities of these valuable natural habitats are essential for preserving forest lands and strengthening the protection of these resources.
Conclusion: Iran's mangrove forests are among the country's most important natural resources, providing a variety of ecosystem functions and services, particularly cultural services that support human well-being. Therefore, understanding local communities' knowledge and perceptions is critical for their effective protection, planning, and management. Continued access to forest ecosystem services requires greater stakeholder participation and awareness. By improving understanding of the ecological importance and sensitivities of these ecosystems, pressure on natural resources can be reduced, while fostering more positive attitudes toward the conservation of forest lands and the long-term protection of these valuable resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem services
  • education and awareness
  • local communities
  • mangrove forest
  • perception indicators

مراجع

- Adla, K., Dejan, K., Neira, D. and Dragana, Š., 2022. Chapter 9 - Degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services: 281-327. In: Prata, J.C., Ribeiro, A.I. and Rocha-Santos, T. (Eds.). One Health: Integrated Approach to 21st Century Challenges to Health. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 350p.‏
- Akram, H., Hussain, S., Mazumdar, P., Chua, K.O., Butt, T.E. and Harikrishna, J.A., 2023. Mangrove health: A review of functions, threats, and challenges associated with mangrove management practices. Forests, 14(9): 1698.
- Aljahdali, M.O., Munawar, S. and Khan, W.R., 2021. Monitoring mangrove forest degradation and ‎‎regeneration: Landsat time series analysis of moisture and vegetation indices at Rabigh Lagoon, ‎red ‎sea. Forests, 12(1): 52.‎
- Amirnejad, H., Hosseini, S., Hosseini, S.M., Asadpour Kordi, M., Taslimi, M. and Bostan, Y., 2024. Ecosystem services of Hyrcanian Forests based on the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) Method. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 32(3): 249-265 (In Persian with English summary).
- Barbosa, V.R.F., Damasceno, R.M., Dias, M.A., Castelhano, F.J., Roig, H.L. and Requia, W.J., 2024. Ecosystem services provided by green areas and their implications for human health in Brazil. Ecological Indicators, 161: 111975.
-‌ Baró, F., Gómez-Baggethun, E. and Haase, D., 2017. Ecosystem service bundles along the urban-rural gradient: Insights for landscape planning and management. Ecosystem Services, 24: 147-159.
- Brack, D., 2018. Background analytical study 4: Sustainable consumption and production of forest products. United Nations ‎‎Forum on Forests, New York, USA, 74p.‎‎
- Bruzzese, S., Blanc, S., Merlino, V.M., Massaglia, S. and Brun, F., 2022. Civil society’s perception of forest ecosystem services. A case study in the Western Alps. Frontiers in Psychology, 13: 1000043.
- Cuni-Sanchez, A., Imani, G., Bulonvu, F., Batumike, R., Baruka, G., Burgess, N.D., … and Marchant, R., 2019. Social perceptions of forest ecosystem services in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Human Ecology, 47(6): 839-853.
- Darmarini, A.S., Wardiatno, Y., Prartono, T., Soewardi, K., Iskandar, I. and Musti'atin and Kleinertz, S., 2024. Food source identification of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of Lubuk Damar, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia: A stable isotope approach. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 35(2): 31-49.
- Dehghani Pour, M., Barati, A.A., Azadi, H., Scheffran, J. and Shirkhani, M., 2023. Analyzing forest residents' perception and knowledge of forest ecosystem services to guide forest management and biodiversity conservation. Forest Policy and Economics, 146: 102866.
- Feng, H., Guo, J., Han, M., Wang, W., Peng, C., Jin, J., … and Yu, S., 2020. A review of the ‎mechanisms ‎and controlling factors of methane dynamics in forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and ‎‎Management, 455: 117702.‎
- Feng, J., Cao, C., Qiao, H. and Xie, S., 2025. Well-being and influencing factors in urban ecological recreation spaces: A human–nature interaction perspective. Land, 14(6): 1175.
- Garmaipour, R., 2025. Scenario-building of the impact of mangrove habitats on the welfare indicators of local communities on the southern coasts of Iran. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, ‎Iran ‎(In Persian with English summary).‎
- Hassen, A., Zander, K.K., Manes, S. and Meragiaw, M., 2023. Local people's perception of forest ecosystem services, traditional conservation, and management approaches in North Wollo, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental Management, 330: 117118.
- Hirahara, S., 2021. Evaluation of a structure providing cultural ecosystem services in forest ‎‎recreation: Quantitative text analysis of essays by participants. Forests, 12 (11): 1546‎‏.‏‎ ‎
- Jafarzadeh, A.A., Mahdavi, A., Fallah Shamsi, S.R. and Yousefpour, R., 2020. Economic evaluation ‎of ‎some of the most important ecosystem services in Zagros forests. Environmental Sciences, 18(1): ‎‎‎137-150.‎
- Jia, M., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Mao, D. and Wang, C., 2018. Monitoring loss and recovery of mangrove ‎‎forests during 42 years: The achievements of mangrove conservation in China. International Journal of ‎Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 73: 535-545.‎
- Kazungu, M. and Hunziker, M., 2025. Exploring societal perceptions of forests, ecosystem benefits, and restoration. A case study in Sweden, Scotland, Germany, Serbia, Croatia, and Spain. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1-23.
- Khatoony, N. and Kolahi, M., 2022. Economic valuation of Arghavandareh forest's ecosystem goods and services. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 19(2): 297-325 ‎(In Persian with English summary).‎
- Kisiwa, A., Langat, K., Gatama, S., Kiprop, J., Cheboiwo, J. and Kagombe, J., 2021. Community perception of ecosystem services and management implications of three forests in Western Pat of Kenya. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, Special Issue, 80-90.
- Krebs, C.J., 1999. Ecological Methodology. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc., Menlo ‎‎Park, California, USA, 620p. ‎
-‌ Locatelli, B., Vallet, A., Fedele, G. and Rapidel, B., 2017. Analyzing ecosystem services to manage territories. Living territories to transform, 106.
- Mallick, B., Priodarshini, R., Kimengsi, J.N., Biswas, B., Hausmann, A.E., Islam, S., … and Vogt, J., 2021. Livelihoods dependence on mangrove ecosystems: Empirical evidence from the Sundarbans. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 3: 100077.
- Mao, Q., Wang, L., Guo, Q., Li, Y., Liu, M. and Xu, G., 2020. Evaluating cultural ecosystem services ‎of urban residential green spaces from the perspective of residents' satisfaction with green ‎space. Front. Frontiers in Public Health, 8: 226. ‎
- Middleton, L., Astuti, P., Brown, B.M., Brimblecombe, J. and Stacey, N., 2024. “We don’t need to worry because we will find food tomorrow”: Local knowledge and drivers of mangroves as a food system through a gendered lens in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sustainability, 16(8): 3229.
- Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA)., 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. ‎Island Press, Washington, ‎DC,‏ 266p.
- Nordén, A., Coria, J., Jonsson, A.M., Lagergern, F. and Lehsten, V., 2017. Divergence in stakeholders' preferences: Evidence from a choice experiment on forest landscapes preferences in Sweden. ‎Ecological Economics, 132: 179-195.
-‌ Prayunita, D., Triyanti, A., Dekker, S. C., Driessen, P. P. and Temmink, R. J., 2026. Nature-based solutions, ecosystem services, and human well-being in global south mangroves: a review. Ecosystem Services, 79: 101850.
- Quevedo, J.M.D., Uchiyama, Y. and Kohsaka, R., 2022. Community perceptions of long-term mangrove cover changes and its drivers from a typhoon-prone province in the Philippines. Ambio, 51(4): 972-989.
-‌ Sobhani, P. and Danehkar, A., 2023a. Evaluating and zoning of ecosystem services in mangrove forests of Khamir and Qeshm. Town and Country Planning, 15(2), 275-292.
- Sobhani, P. and Danehkar, A., 2023b. Natural features and management areas of Khamir and Gheshm mangrove forests. Journal of Iran Nature, 8(4): 97-112 ‎(In Persian with English summary).‎
- Sobhani, P. and Danehkar, A., 2024. Analyzing the perceptions of local communities and tourists regarding the cultural services of the Khamir-Qeshm Mangrove Forests. Journals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 13(1): 9-36 ‎(In Persian with English summary).‎
-‌ Sobhani, P. and Danehkar, A., 2025. Evaluating habitat changes and fragmentation in mangrove forests using Landsat satellite images (Case study: Hara Protected Area). Iranian Journal of Forest, 17(3): 409-430 ‎(In Persian with English summary).‎
- Sobhani, P., Esmaeilzadeh, H. and Bargh Jelveh, Sh., 2023. Analyzing the relationship between ‎participation of local communities and sustainable development of ecotourism in areas on ‎protection (Case study: Lar National Park and Tangeh Vashi National Natural Monument). ‎Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 13(1): 107-125 ‎(In Persian with English summary). ‎
- Statistical Center of Iran, 2016. Findings of the 2016 general population and housing census. Available at: https://amar.org.ir/population-and-housing-census ‎(In Persian).‎
- Sun, X., Sun, J., Yang, Y. and Qiao, J., 2024. Promoting the optimization of ecosystem services supply-flow-demand by integrating urban-rural metacoupling interactions. Transactions in Earth, Environment, and Sustainability, 2(3-4): 213-231.
- Winn, J., Tierney, M., Heathwaite, A.L., Jones, L., Paterson, J., Simpson, L., ... and Turley, C., 2011. Chapter 3: The drivers of change in UK ecosystems and ecosystem services: 27-62. In: UK National Ecosystem Assessment. Understanding nature's value to society. Technical Report, Cambridge, England.
- Yee, S.H., Paulukonis, E., Simmons, C., Russell, M., Fulford, R., Harwell, L. and Smith, L.M., 2021. Projecting effects of land use change on human well-being through changes in ecosystem services. Ecological Modelling, 440: 109358.
- Yin, D. and Wang, L., 2019. Individual mangrove tree measurement using UAV-based LiDAR data: ‎‎Possibilities and challenges. Remote Sensing of Environment, 223: 34-49.‎

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار