ارزیابی کارایی تراکتور کشاورزی در خروج چوب ‏آلات کاتینی و هیزمی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل خیرود)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در جنگل‏های شمال ایران تراکتورهای کشاورزی مجهزشده به تریلی با دو چرخ، به‌طور فراوانی برای عملیات پیش‌حمل چوب‏آلات کاتینی و هیزمی استفاده می‏شود. این مطالعه به‌منظور ارزیابی کارایی، نرخ تولید، هزینه و مدل رگرسیونی پیش‌بینی زمان چوبکشی سیستم بهره‏برداری با تراکتور در حمل چوب‏آلات کاتینی و هیزمی در بخش گرازبن جنگل خیرود انجام شده است. در این تحقیق از روش مطالعه زمانی پیوسته استفاده شده است. مدل رگرسیونی نشان داد که فاصله چوبکشی و تعداد چوب در هر بار مهمترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر کارایی و تولید در حمل چوب با تراکتور کشاورزی هستند. در این تحقیق میزان تولید ساعتی سیستم چوبکشی با تراکتور با درنظر گرفتن زمان‏های تأخیر در حمل کاتین و هیزم، به‌ترتیب برابر 66/2 و 83/3 مترمکعب در ساعت است. با افزایش فاصله چوبکشی، مجموع زمان چوبکشی یک سیکل افزایش می‏یابد. به‌علاوه تولید سیستم هم کاهش می‏یابد. با افزایش فاصله چوبکشی، کارایی تراکتور کشاورزی به‌صورت رابطه لگاریتمی کاهش می‏یابد. هزینه سیستم خروج چوب با تراکتور کشاورزی برابر 508635 ریال است. هزینه واحد تولید با احتساب زمان‌های تأخیر، برای عملیات حمل چوب‏آلات کاتینی و هیزمی به‌ترتیب برابر 132730 و 190960 ریال بر مترمکعب به‌دست آمد. با افزایش فاصله چوبکشی، هزینه سیستم خروج چوب با تراکتور به‌صورت رابطه توانی افزایش‌یابنده است. زمان اجزای یک سیکل کار خروج چوب نشان داد که جزء بارگیری بیشترین زمان را لازم دارد، به‌خاطر اینکه عملیات جمع‏آوری و بارزدن چوب‏آلات به تریلی به‌شیوه دستی و فیزیکی است که عملیاتی به‌شدت وقت‏گیر است. عملیات پیش‌حمل با تراکتور کشاورزی با مزیت‏هایی مانند ظرفیت بار بزرگتر و انتقال چوب از پای کنده تا دپو بدون تماس با زمین، گزینه مناسبی برای خروج چوب‏آلات کاتینی و هیزمی در عرصه‏های با شیب ملایم در جنگل‏های هیرکانی است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Productivity of timber extraction using farm tractor equipped with trailer (Case study: in Kheiroud Forest in northern Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meghdad Jourgholami 1
  • Baris Majnounian 2
1 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran.
2 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the Hyrcanian forest of Iran, farm tractors equipped with 2-wheels trailer are mostly used to perform forwarding operations of pulpwood and fuelwood in small-scale timber harvesting. This study was carried out in Gorazbon district in Kheiroud experimental forest to evaluate time regression models and estimate the forwarding costs. A continuous time study was conducted to explore farm tractor for forwarding pulpwood and fuelwood, to assess farm tractor productivity and costs and to identify those variables which are most likely influential. The model indicates that the most influential important on forwarding productivity were the forwarding distance and the number of logs per turn. The average productivity of forwarding with farm tractor was 2.66 and 3.83 m3 for pulpwood and fuelwood, respectively. When the forwarding distance increased, the total time of a cycle increased as well. In addition, productivity of farm tractor was decreased by increasing the forwarding distance in a logarithmic manner. The cost of the farm tractor logging system was 508635 Rial per productive machine hours. Furthermore, hourly costs of pulpwood and fuelwood forwarding were 132730 and 190960 Rial/m3, respectively. The cost of farm forwarding was increased as simple power equation when extraction distance was increased. The element time consumption showed that the loading phase was the highest time consumption phase per turn, mainly due to labor-intensive manual loading and physical handling of logs. The forwarding operation is, however, concluded to bear advantages such as larger payload, less soil disturbance, and transportation of the logs from stump to the logging truck off-ground. It is therefore a good alternative for extraction of pulpwood and fuelwood in gentle slope in the Hyrcanian forests.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Timber extraction
  • farm tractor
  • pulpwood
  • fuelwood
  • time study
  • Kheiroud forest

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