تأثیرگذاری عامل های محیطی بر پراکنش سه گونه برودار (Quercus brantii Lindl.)، مازودار (Q. infectoria Oliv.) و وی ول (Q. libani Oliv.) در جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 استاد، دانشگاه دولتی ارمنستان

چکیده

هدفاین مطالعه شناسایی روابط موجود بین سه گونه برودار (Quercus brantii Lindl.)، مازودار (Q. infectoria Oliv.) ووی‌ول (Q. libani Oliv.) با عامل­ های محیطی در جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی است.ابتدا مهمترین رویشگاه‌های گونه‌های موردنظر شناسایی شد و پراکنش عمودی آنها با تعیین حداقل و حداکثر دامنه ارتفاعی گسترش گونه‌ها مشخص شد. با توجه به جهت جغرافیایی و فرم زمین، در هر رویشگاه قطعات ­نمونه ۵۰۰ مترمربعی (در مجموع ۵۴ قطعه­ نمونه) گزینش شد و در داخل هر یک از قطعات نمونه مشخصه‌های ارتفاع از سطح دریا، فرم زمین، جهت جغرافیایی، درصد شیب و تیپ جنگلی یادداشت شد. حداقل یک نیم‌رخ خاک برای انجام مطالعات خاک در مرکز هر قطعه‌نمونه حفر و تشریح شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها به روش‌های تجزیه ‌و تحلیل اکتشافی، تجزیه واریانس، آنالیز تطبیقی متعارفی و آمار توصیفی انجام شد.نتایج نشان داد که وی­ول با خاک‌های سنگین و نیمه‌سنگین اسیدی با هدایت الکتریکی کم و آهک بسیار کم سازگار است و دامنه ارتفاعی و جهت شیب محدودتری دارد. خاک‌هایی سنگین با اسیدیته بیشتر از خنثی به‌سوی قلیایی که دارای آهک زیادی هستند، با سرشت گونه‌ برودار سازگاری بهتری نشان می‌دهند. این‌گونه دارای بیشترین دامنه‌ تغییرات ارتفاعی است و در تمام جهت ­های جغرافیایی نیز حضور دارد. در مورد پراکنش گونه‌ مازودار به‌نظر می‌رسد که اسیدیته خاک محدودیتی ایجاد نکرده است و این‌ گونه با خاک‌های سبک و دامنه‌های پرشیب شمالی سازگاری بیشتری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of environmental factors on distribution of three oak species (Q. brantii Lindl., Q. libani Oliv. and Q. infectoria Oliv.) in northern Zagros forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Khanhasani 1
  • Khosro Sagheb-Talebi 2
  • Reza Akhavan 2
  • Jirar Vardanyan 3
1 Senior Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran ‎
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and ‎Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Prof., Armenian State Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia‎
چکیده [English]

     This study was carried out to explore the relationship between environmental factors and presence of three important oak species (Q. brantii, Q. libani, Q. infectoria) in northern Zagros forests.Following the site selection, vertical distributions were determined based on the minimum and maximum ranges species presence. A number of 54 circular sample plots, each 500 m2 were established based on various landforms and aspect. Following this, habitat characteristics including altitude, land form, slop direction, slope% and forest type were recorded. Finally a soil profile was prepared for routine physio-chemical soil analysis. The data was analyzed by means of exploratory method, analysis of variance, canonical correspondence analysis and descriptive statistics. Results revealed limitations of Q. libani concerning altitude range and aspect. The species occurs on acidic soils with low level of EC and CaCo3 and favors from heavy and semi-heavy soils. Furthermore, Q. brantii occurs on heavy halomorphic to alkaline soils with high level of CaCo3 and covers the maximum range of altitude in all aspects. It seems that soil acidity is not a limitation factor for Q. infectoria which favors from light soils and steeper northern slops.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Altitude
  • Oak
  • aspect
  • slope percent
  • soil characteristics

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