ارزیابی کنش های متقابل درون گونه ای درختچه های اشنان (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) در مناطق خشک با استفاده از تحلیل الگوی نقطه ای (مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت شده قهی استان اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

تحلیل توزیع مکانی گیاهان چوبی در مناطق خشک و نیم ه­خشک، کنش­های متقابل آنها و چگونگی تأثیرشان بر یکدیگر را توضیح می­دهد. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی کنش ­های متقابل درون­ گونه­ ای درختچه­ های اشنان (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) در مناطق خشک مرکزی ایران با استفاده از آماره­ های اختصاری مختلف (تابع همبستگی جفتی g(r)، تابع O-ring O(r)، تابع توزیع نزدیک­ترین همسایه D(r)، تابع توزیع تماس کرویHs(r)  و تابع همبستگی نشان­دار kmm(r)) انجام شد. یک قطعه­ نمونه با ابعاد 160 × 160 متر که به­ طور خالص پوشیده از اشنان بود، در منطقه حفاظت‌شده قهی استان اصفهان انتخاب شد. نقشه نقطه­ ای تمام 989 درختچه اشنان با استفاده از سامانه موقعیت ­یاب جهانی تفاضلی سه‌فرکانسه تریمبل R8 با دقت سه میلی­ متر ± 0/1 پی ­پی­ ام تهیه شد. مقایسه با فرآیند پوآسون ناهمگن نشان داد که الگوی مشاهده شده درختچه­ ها دارای ناهمگنی مکانی معنی­ دار (در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد) بود. نتایج g(r) و O(r) نشان­دهنده تجمع معنی­ دار (در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد) درختچه­ های اشنان تا فاصله سه متر در کنار یکدیگر بود. نتایج D(r) و Hs(r) نیز نشان داد که بیشترین فاصله تا نزدیک­ترین درختچه شش متر بود و توزیع اندازه فضاهای خالی تا این مقیاس به­ طور معنی ­داری با توزیع تصادفی تفاوت داشت. درنهایت، kmm(r) برای ارتفاع، قطر متوسط تاج و مساحت تاج همبستگی مثبت ویژگی­ های زیست­ سنجی اشنان­ ها را نشان داد. به­ طور کلی، نتیجه­ گیری شد که در منطقه مورد مطالعه بین پایه­ های گروهی اشنان یک کنش متقابل مثبت وجود دارد که با توجه به اثر تسهیل­ کنندگی درون­ گونه­ ای آنها بر یکدیگر در کنار هم تجمع کرده­ اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the intraspecific interactions of Eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) shrubs in arid lands by point pattern analysis (Case study: Qehi protected area, Isfahan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yousef Erfanifard 1
  • Elahe Khosravi 2
1 M.Sc. Student, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The spatial distribution analysis of woody plants in arid and semi-arid environments explains their interactions and how they influence one another. This study was aimed to evaluate the intraspecific interactions of Eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) shrubs across a portion of central Iranian arid lands using different summary statistics including pair correlation g(r), O-ring O(r), nearest neighbor distribution D(r), spherical contact distribution Hs(r) and mark correlation kmm(r) functions. A 160 × 160 m2 plot purely covered by Eshnan was selected in Qehi protected area, Isfahan province. The point map of all 989 Eshnan shrubs was obtained by Trimble R8 differential global positioning system with a positional accuracy of 3 mm ± 0.1 ppm. The observed pattern of shrubs showed significant spatial heterogeneity as compared to inhomogeneous Poisson process (α=0.05). The results of g(r) and O(r) revealed the significant aggregation of Eshnan shrubs up to scale of 3 m (α=0.05). The results of D(r) and Hs(r) also showed maximum distance to nearest shrub to be 6 m. It was additionally shown that the distribution of gap sizes was significantly different from random up to this spatial scale. Finally, kmm(r) for height, mean crown diameter, and crown area indicated the aggregation of Eshnan individuals at all scales. In general, positive interactions were concluded to exist amongst Eshnan shrubs at small scales, and they were aggregated due to their intraspecific facilitation effects in the study area. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Eshnan
  • O-ring function
  • spherical contact distribution function
  • nearest neighbor distribution function
  • mark correlation function
  • Qehi protected area

مراجع

- Abdollahi, J., Arzani, H., Baghestani, N. and Askarshahi, F.S.M., 2006. Rainfall and ground water table changes influencing the Seidlitzia rosmarinus growth and development at the Chah-Afzal Ardakan. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Region, 13(2): 74-81 (In Persian).
- Alvarez, L.J., Epstein, H.E., Li, J. and Okin, G.S., 2011. Spatial patterns of grasses and shrubs in an arid grassland environment. Ecosphere, 2(9): 1-6.
- Amiraslani, F. and Dragovich, D., 2011. Combating desertification in Iran over the last 50 years: An overview of changing approaches. Journal of Environmental Management, 92: 1-13.
- Anonymous, 2009. Rangeland Management Plan of Qehi, Isfahan Province. General Office of Natural Resources, Isfahan, 37p (In Persian).
- Bagheri, R., Maki, S.M.A. and Mohammadi, S., 2014. Effects of grazing management projects on vegetation and some soil physic-chemical properties (Case study: Dehsard region of Kerman province). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Region, 21(1): 32-40 (In Persian).
- Baghestani Maybodi, N. and Zare, M.T., 2009. Some ecological requirements and exploitation of Seidlitzia rosmarinus in the desert region of Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(3): 31-42 (In Persian).
- Baghestani Maybodi, N., Zare, M.T. and Ehsani, A., 2013. Effect of drought on phonological stages of two shrub species in the steppe rangelands (Case study: Rangelands of Nodoushan, Ashkzar). Iranian Journal of Arid Biome, 3(2): 15-26.
- Bergeron, Y. and Fenton, N.J., 2012. Boreal forests of eastern Canada revisited: old growth, nonfire disturbances, forest succession, and biodiversity. Botany, 90: 509-523.
- Browning, D.M., Archer, S.T., Asner, G.P., McClaran, M.P. and Wessman, C.A., 2008. Woody plants in grassland: Post encroachment stand dynamics. Ecological Applications, 18: 928-944.
- Churchill, D., Larson, A., Dahlgreen, M., Franklin, J., Hessburg, P. and Luts, J., 2013. Restoring forest resilience: from reference spatial patterns to silvicultural prescriptions and monitoring. Forest Ecology and Management, 291: 442-457.
- Cisz, M.E., Falkowski, M.J. and Orr, B., 2013. Small-scale spatial pattern of Copernicia alba Morong near Bahia Negra, Paraguay. Natural Resources, 4: 369-377.
- Emam, T.M., Espeland, E.K. and Rinella, M., 2014. Soil sterilization alters interactions between the native grass Bouteloua gracilis and invasive Bromus tectorum. Journal of Arid Environments, 111: 91-97.
- Erfanifard, Y. and Mahdian, F., 2012. Comparative investigation on the methods of true spatial pattern analysis of trees in forests (Case study: Wild Pistachio Research Forest, Fars Province). Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(1): 62-73 (In Persian).
- Ferrante, D., Oliva, G.E. and Fernandez, R.J., 2014. Soil water dynamics, root systems, and plant responses in a semiarid grassland of Southern Patagonia. Journal of Arid Environments, 104: 52-58.
- Fortin, M.J. and Dale, M.R.T., 2005. Spatial Analysis. Cambridge University Press, England, 365p.
- Genet, A. and Pothier, D., 2013. Modeling tree spatial distributions after partial harvesting in uneven-aged boreal forests using inhomogeneous point processes. Forest Ecology and Management, 305: 158-166.
- Getzin, S., Wiegand, K., Schumacher, J. and Gougeon, F.A., 2008. Scale-dependent competition at the stand level assessed from crown areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 2478-2485.
- Illian, J., Penttinen, A., Stoyan, H. and Stoyan, D., 2008. Statistical Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns. John Wiley & Sons Inc., England, 534p.
- Jafari, M., Zare Chahouki, M.A., Tavili, A., Arzanivand, H. and Zahedi Amiri, Gh., 2004. Effective environmental factors in the distribution of vegetation types in Poshtkouh rangelands of Yazd province (Iran). Journal of Arid Environments, 56: 627-641.
- Karimi, M., Pormajidian, M.R., Jalilvand, H. and Safari, A., 2012. Preliminary study for application of O-ring function in determination of small-scale spatial pattern and interaction species (Case study: Bayangan forests, Kermanshah). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(4): 608-621 (In Persian).
- Kurkova, E.B., Kalinkina, L.G., Baburina, O.K., Myasoedov, N.A. and Naumova, T.G., 2002. Responses of Seidlitzia rosmarinus to salt stress. Biology Bulletin, 29(3): 221-228.
- Lohman, D., Tietjen, B., Blaum, N., Joubert, D.F. and Jeltsch, F., 2014. Prescribed fire as a tool for managing shrub encroachment in semi-arid savanna rangelands. Journal of Arid Environments, 107: 49-56.
- Lopez, R.P., Larrea-Alcazar, D. and Zenteno-Ruiz, F., 2010. Spatial pattern analysis of dominant species in the Prepuna: Gaining insight into community dynamics in the semi-arid, subtropical Andes. Journal of Arid Environments, 74: 1534-1539.
- Mahdavi Ardakani, S.R., Jafari, M., Zargham, N., Zare Chahouki, M.A., Baghestani Maybodi, N. and Tavili, A., 2011. Investigation on the effects of Haloxylon aphyllum, Seidlitzia rosmarinus and Tamarix aphylla on soil properties in Chah Afzal Kavir (Yazd). Iranian Journal of Forest, 2(4): 357-365 (In Persian).
- Mahmoodi, T., Khoshhal, J., Mousavi, S.H. and Pourkhosravani, M., 2013. A comparative evaluation of adaptation of nebkas to stabilize sand dunes of the desert in Sirjan using AHP model. Iranian Journal of Environmental Erosion Researches, 2(10): 24-38 (In Persian).
- Martinez, I., Taboada, F.G., Wiegand, T. and Obeso, J.R., 2013. Spatial patterns of seedling-adult associations in a temperate forest community. Forest Ecology and Management, 296: 74-80.
- Miriti, M.N., 2006. Ontogenetic shift from facilitation to competition in a desert shrub. Journal of Ecology, 94: 973-979.
- Mozaffarian, V., 2004. Trees and Shrubs of Iran. Frahang-e-Moaser Press, Iran, 1054p (In Persian).
- Navarro-Cerrillo, R., Manzanedo, R., Bohorque, J., Sanchez, R., Sanchez, J., Miguel, S., Solano, D., Qarro, M., Griffith, D. and Palacios, G., 2013. Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of cedar forests along a management gradient in the Middle Atlas, Morocco. Forest Ecology and Management, 289: 341-353.
- Ni, R., Baiketuerhan, Y., Zhang, C., Zhao, X. and Gadow, K.v., 2014. Analysing structural diversity in two temperate forests in northeastern China. Forest Ecology and Management, 316: 139-147.
- Safdari, V., 2012. Anatomical, physical and chemical properties of Seidlitzia rosmarinus Bunge ex Boiss wood in Irano-torani region. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 27(2): 212-225 (In Persian).
- Sher, A.A., Wiegand, K. and Ward, D., 2010. Do Acacia and Tamarix trees compete for water in the Negev desert? Journal of Arid Environments, 74: 338-343.
- Stoyan, D. and Stoyan, H., 1994. Fractals, Random Shapes and Point Fields: Methods of Geometrical Statistics. John Wiley & Sons Inc., England, 387p.
- Wiegand, T., Moloney, K., Naves, J. and Knauer, F., 1999. Finding the missing link between landscape structure and population dynamics: a spatially explicit perspective. American Naturalist, 154: 605-627.
- Xu, G., Yu, D., Xie, J., Tang, L. and Li, Y., 2014. What makes Haloxylon persicum grow on sand dunes while H. ammodendron grows on interdune lowlands: a proof from reciprocal transplant experiments. Journal of Arid Land, 6(5): 581-591.
- Zare Chahouki, M.A., Arzanivand, H., Jafari, M. and Tavili, A., 2010. Multivariate statistical methods as a tool for model-based prediction of vegetation types. Russian Journal of Ecology, 41(1): 84-94.
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار