@article { author = {}, title = {Contents}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {10.22092/ijfpr.2005.119446}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, title_fa = {شناسنامه}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_119446.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_119446_ee5f028333308958ceb92cde0124d4e6.pdf} } @article { author = {Matinizadeh, Mohammad and Ali Ahmad Korori, Soodabeh and Khoshnevis, Mostafa and Teimouri, Maryam}, title = {Identification and abundance of mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with Juniperus excelsa}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {401-385}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {}, abstract = {Mycorrhiza is one of the most common symbiosis between vascular plants and microorganisms. Mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in life cycle of plants by increasing their ability to absorb water and nutrients, excreting plant hormones and protecting the host plants against pathogens. The identified mycorrhizal fungi are used to inoculate on poor soils. Eight juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. Beib) trees were selected at their natural habitat in Karaj valley of Iran in order to start the investigation. Root and soil were sampled from each tree for two years in two seasons (autumn and spring). After staining roots, the mycorrhizal organs such as hyphae, arbuscles and vesicles were observed. The AM fungi were identified, using Morton and Trappe keys and INVAM site information. Two genus and two species of mycorrhizal fungi were identified, including Glomus sp., Glomus multicaule, Acaulospora sp. and Glomus fasciculatum. The species Glomus multicaule had the greatest abundance in all of the soil samples and in both seasons.}, keywords = {symbiosis,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,Juniperus excelsa,Acaulospora,Glomus}, title_fa = {شناسایی‌ قارچهای‌ میکوریزی ‌همزیست‌ با ارس (Juniperus excelsa) و بررسی فراوانی آنها در رویشگاه سیراچال}, abstract_fa = {میکوریزها از رایج ترین‌ انواع همزیستی بین‌ گیاهان‌ عالی‌ و میکروارگانیسمها هستند. در این همزیستی، قارچهای میکوریزی با افزایش قابلیت جذب عناصر غذایی و همچنین با افزایش توانایی‌ جذب‌ آب،‌ ترشح‌ هورمونهای‌ گیاهی‌ (مانند سیتوکینین‌) و محافظت‌ گیاه میزبان در برابر پاتوژنها نقش مهمی در چرخة زندگی گیاهان ایفا می‌کنند. با شناخت‌ قارچهای‌ میکوریزی‌ می‌توان‌ از آنها برای‌ تلقیح‌ گیاهان در خاکهایی که‌ از نظر عناصر غذایی جذب شدنی برای گیاه‌ ضعیف‌ هستند، استفاده‌ کرد. در این پژوهش، هشت‌ پایة‌ ارس‌ در رویشگاه‌ طبیعی‌ آن‌ در ایستگاه‌ تحقیقاتی‌ سیراچال‌ کرج‌ انتخاب‌ شدند. در دو سال‌ متوالی‌ و در هر سال‌ در دو فصل‌ بهار و پاییز، از ریشه‌های‌ ارس‌ و خاک‌ اطراف‌ آنها نمونه‌برداری‌ شد. پس از رنگ‌آمیزی نمونه‌های تهیه شده‌ از ریشه‌های‌ ارس‌، اندامهای‌ میکوریزی‌ مانند هیف‌، وزیکول‌ و آربسکول‌ در ریشه ها مشاهده‌ شدند. شناسایی‌ قارچها، با استفاده از اسپورهای جداسازی شده از خاک و بر مبنای کلیدهای‌ مورتون‌ و ترپ و همچنین اطلاعات سایت INVAM انجام گردید. در نتیجه‌، دو جنس و دو گونه‌ قارچ‌ میکوریزی‌ شامل‌ sp. Acaulospora، Glomus multicaule، sp. Glomus و Glomus fasciculatum شناسایی‌ شدند. در کلیة نمونه های خاک و در هر دو فصل، اسپورهای گونة  Glomus multicaule بیشترین فراوانی را نشان دادند.}, keywords_fa = {همزیستی‌,قارچهای ‌میکوریز آربسکولار,ارس‌,سیراچال,ایران‌}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108396.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108396_dca56c4e4da21fe742a30b31ae215eb1.pdf} } @article { author = {Karamdost, Behrooz and Bonyad, Amireslam}, title = {Diameter and volume increment of (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in an intact forest of Nave-Asalem region}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {416-402}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {}, abstract = {Beech (F. orientalis Lipsky) is one of the valuable species of Caspian forests of Iran which shares about 30% of the forests growing stock. Measurment of the annual diameter and volume increment of this species is essential for accurate planning and logging. Furthermore, measuring the annual allowable cut for the forest management projects, is based on the annual volume increment. The trial was conducted in district one of Nave-Asalem forest Management Project at west forests of Guilan province. In the control compartment of this district, 30 circular plots, each 500 m2, were randomly allocated. In each plot, in addition to measuring different variables, three trees were used to sample growth increment cores and calculte the annual volume increment by the Meyer method. The annual volume increment of F. orientalis at the studied intact stand was calculated after measuring its annual diameter increment, which was 10.284 sylve per hectar per year. For further investigation, the annual volume increment of the species was calculted at three diameter classes, including 15-45 cm (young trees), 45-75 cm (middle – aged trees) and > 75 cm (old – aged trees), which resulted in: 0.0295, 0.0512 and 0.735 sylve per hectare per year, respectively. There was significant correlation between breast height diameter (dbh), annual diameter increment and annual volume increment.}, keywords = {beech,Fagus orientalis,diameter increment,volume increment,Nave-Asalem,Caspian region}, title_fa = {بررسی و تعیین میزان رویش قطری و حجمی گونه راش در یک جنگل طبیعی کم‌ دست خورده در منطقه ناو اسالم}, abstract_fa = {گونه راش Lipsky) Fagus orientalis) یکی از گونه‌های با ارزش جنگلهای خزری است که حدود 30% حجم موجودی سرپای جنگلهای شمال ایران را به خود اختصاص می‌دهد. محاسبه رویش قطری و حجمی گونه راش  برای برنامه ریزی و بهره برداری صحیح، ضروری به نظر می رسد. همچنین امکان برداشت سالیانه طرحهای جنگلداری، بر مبنای رویش حجمی آن استوار است. برای محاسبه میزان رویش جنگل تعداد 30 قطعه نمونه دایره ای شکل 5 آری در سری یک جنگل ناو اسالم با روش تصادفی انتخاب گردید. در هر قطعه نمونه علاوه بر اندازه گیری متغیرهای مختلف، از 3 اصله درخت، نمونه رویشی تهیه گردید. پس از محاسبه رویش قطری برای محاسبه رویش حجمی گونه راش در وضعیت جنگل طبیعی و کمتر دست خورده (بکر) از روش مایر(Meyer) استفاده شد که میزان رویش حجمی 284/10 سیلو در هکتارو درسال بدست آمد. برای بررسی بیشتر میزان رویش حجمی گونه راش در سه طبقه قطری مختلف Cm 45-15 (درختان جوان )، Cm 75-45 (درختان میانسال) و بیشتر از Cm 75 (درختان کهنسال) محاسبه شد که به ترتیب 0295/0، 0512/0 و 0735/0 سیلودرهکتارو درسال بدست آمده است. ماتریس همبستگی میان متغیر قطر برابر سینه (d)  با میزان رویش قطری (Id) و رویش حجمی (IV) تشکیل گردید و نشان داد که از نظر آماری میان این متغیرها همبستگی قوی و معنی داری وجود دارد}, keywords_fa = {راش,رویش قطری,رویش حجمی,ناو اسالم}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108407.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108407_cf795633969850c3ef726910511713fe.pdf} } @article { author = {Maroofi, Hosayn and Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro and Fattahi, Mohammad and Sadri, Mohammad Hosayn}, title = {Site demands and some quantitative characteristics of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Kurdistan province}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {446-417}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {}, abstract = {This study was carried out in cities of Baneh and Marivan in Kurdistan province where are located at west of Iran. The main aim of the study was to determine the ecological characteristics of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) which is the most important tree species of northern Zagros region in Iran.      After developing the distribution map of this species, the study area was divided into three main land forms, including valley, slope and mountain ridge. Within each land form, sample plots (1000 m²) were allocated randomly and some of the quantitative characteristics of the oak trees were studied. The statistical data of the landforms were compared using analysis of variance and t- test. The results showed that Lebanon oak is a light demanding tree species which prefers to appear in east and north-east aspects. The altitude range of Lebanon oak varied between 1400 and 2000 meters above sea level, while the optimum range might be found at 1600-1700 m.a.s.l. Soils of the studied stands were shallow with light and heavy texture at surface and deeper layer, respectively. pH varied between 6 and 7.      The greatest dimension and growth rate of Lebanon oak was observed at valley landform where the soil was humid and fertile. At best and most suitable sites pure stands were developed, but in other sites mixed stands were developed, including Gall oak (Quercus infectoria). The main regeneration form of the studied oak stands was coppice with standard, containing trees with forked and twisted stems.}, keywords = {Iran,Kurdistan,land form,lebanon oak,site demands,soil}, title_fa = {بررسی نیاز رویشگاهی و برخی از خصوصیات کمی گونه وی ول (.Quercus libani Oliv) در استان کردستان}, abstract_fa = {وی ول (.Quercus libani Oliv) یکی از گونه‌های جنگلی مهم و شاخص در زاگرس شمالی محسوب می‌گردد که گستره پوشش آن مناطق محدودی از استان آذربایجان غربی و کردستان را در بر می‌گیرد. بررسی حاضر به علت وجود اطلاعات اندک دربارة وضعیت و شرایط رویشگاهی این گونه، به منظور شناخت و کسب اطلاعات از ویژگی رویشگاهها و مقایسه آنها با همدیگردر استان کردستان انجام گرفته است. در مرحله نخست نقشه پراکنش گونه تهیه و بعد عرصه رویشی آن براساس خصوصیات ژئومورفولوژیکی به سه شکل دره، دامنه و یال تقسیم گردید و در داخل هر فرم رویشگاهی در دو منطقه بانه و مریوان قطعات نمونه ده آری به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و سپس تعدادی از مشخصه‌های کمی (قطر برابر سینه، ارتفاع درختان و درجه تاج پوشش) در شیب ها، جهات و ارتفاع‌های مختلف از سطح دریا اندازه گیری گردیدند. سپس هریک از رویشگاهها براساس خصوصیات ویژه خود معرفی و تبیین گردید. همچنین خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک نیز در رویشگاهها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. به منظور مقایسه مشخصه‌های مختلف در رویشگاهها از روش تجزیه واریانس براساس طبقه بندی یک طرفه استفاده و برای مقایسه رویشگاهها در دو منطقه بانه و مریوان از آزمون t-student استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد که وی ول در ارتفاع 1400 تا 2000 متر از سطح دریا دیده می‌شود، ولی بهینه پراکنش ارتفاعی آن بین 1600 تا 1700 متر از سطح دریا است. در دره‌ها به دلیل غنی بودن و حاصلخیزی بیشتر خاک، درختان ابعاد و رشد بیشتری دارند. وی ول گونه‌ای نور پسند بوده که جهات شرقی و شمال شرقی را با درجه تاج پوشش کمتر از پنجاه درصد نسبت به سایر جهات ترجیح می‌دهد. رویشگاههای وی ول در مریوان نسبت به بانه به دلیل شرایط اکولوژیکی مناسب تر و دخل و تصرف کمتر، غنی تر بوده، به‌طوری که این موضوع در پاره‌ای از مشخصه‌های مورد مطالعه مشهود است. خاک رویشگاههای وی ول به طور کلی کم عمق با بافت سبک در قسمتهای سطحی و بافت سنگین در قسمتهای عمقی و اسیدیته بین 6 تا 7 است.}, keywords_fa = {بلوط,خاک,زاگرس,شکل زمین,کردستان,نیاز رویشگاهی,وی ول}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108419.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108419_48dcdce2c3d70060142020e1e918fa3c.pdf} } @article { author = {Mortezapour, Seddigheh and Marvie-Mohadjer, Mohammad Reza and Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro and Zahedi Amiri, Ghavamoddin}, title = {Relationship between regeneration of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and land form}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {474-447}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {}, abstract = {This paper investigates the relationship between land form and location and natural regeneration of beech species. For this purpose, the beech communities over 100 m. above sea level at Namkhaneh district of Educational and Experimental Forest of Tehran University in Caspian region were selected. Based on renegeration condition and distribution at different land forms, data sampling was performed at four different land forms, including slope, valley, ridge and doulin, using 15 sampling strips with equal widths (2m), but different lengths, depends on different environmental circumstances. The strips were selected at 150 m. intervals. Where the longest and the shortest ones were 517 and 40 m., respectively. The doulin land from was selected where the regeneration cover was more than 30%. The doulin forms were divided into four aspects, including north, east, south and west faced directions for precise study of regeneration. Quantitative and qalitative characteristics of natural regeneration of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) were recorded and canopy cover of the beech old-growth stands was estimated. The results showed that there were significant differences between the four landforms in respect to regeneration cover of beech species, where the ridges had the greatest values. The greatest frequency of beech seedlings on ridge and valley and as well as slope and doulin land forms were found at 2 was 0.8 (equal to 8000/ha). 70% of the seedlings were healthy and the rest were not sound.  }, keywords = {beech regeneration,landform,aspect,Caspian forests}, title_fa = {بررسی رابطه زادآوری درخت راش با شکل زمین}, abstract_fa = {به منظور بررسی رابطه موقعیت و شکل زمین با زادآوری طبیعی گونه راش ، جوامع راشستان موجود در بخش نمخانه از جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشکده منابع طبیعی در ارتفاع بیش از 700 متر از سطح دریا انتخاب گردیدند. با توجه به وضعیت زادآوری و پراکنده بودن آن در اشکال مختلف زمین، آماربرداری در سه شکلِ متفاوت زمین شامل دره، دامنه، یال به روش نواری انجام شد و 15 نوار با عرضهای یکسان (2 متر) و با طولهای متغیر (با توجه به شرایط محیطی) که طول کوتاهترین نوار 40 متر و بلندترین نوار 517 متر بود، به فاصله 150 متر از یکدیگردر روی زمین پیاده شد. در مورد چهارمین شکلِ زمین یعنی دولین، با جنگل گردشی در سطح منطقه مورد مطالعه، دولین‌هایی انتخاب گردیدند که میزان پوشش زادآوری راش در آنها بیش از 30% بود و برای بررسی دقیق‌تر زادآوری، جهت داخل دولین‌ها به  4 جهت جغرافیایی (رو به شمال، شرق، جنوب و غرب) تقسیم شدند. سپس در هر یک از اشکال چهارگانه زمین، اندازه‌گیریهای کمی و کیفی در مورد زادآوری طبیعی راش و برآورد درجه تاج پوشش توده مادری انجام گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که بیشترین میزان پوشش زادآوری راش در روی یالها وجود دارد و تفاوتها از نظر آماری معنی دار بودند. همچنین از نظر بلندی نهالهای راش، در روی یال و دره بیشترین فراوانی در طبقه ارتفاعی30> سانتیمتر و در روی دامنه و دولین‌ها در طبقه ارتفاعی130-30 سانتی متر مشاهده شد. در بررسی دولین‌های منطقه مورد مطالعه، بین فراوانی زادآوری راش و جهات جغرافیایی مختلف آن رابطه معنی‌داری در این بررسی بدست نیامد. در ضمن در منطقه مورد مطالعه مشخص شد که در هر متر مربع به طور متوسط 8/0 (معادل 8 هزار اصله در هکتار) نهال وجود دارد و70%  از نهالها سالم و بقیه ناسالم هستند.}, keywords_fa = {زادآوری راش,شکل زمین,جهت جغرافیایی,شمال ایران}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108423.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108423_22fe7089b01129326b26ad27d76ab4d2.pdf} } @article { author = {Saleheh Shooshtari, Mohammad Hasan and Rouhipour, Hasan}, title = {Eucalyptus species trial on sandy dunes of Khuzestan province (Iran)}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {500-475}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {}, abstract = {There are about 350,000 hectares of sandy dunes and sandy lands in Khuzestan. During the past 40 years, different Physical, chemical and biological operations were applied to stabilize these lands and the results were all satisfied. The aim of the study was to determine the most tolerant species of Eucalyptus to drought and heat for biological fixation of sand dunes. Three species and one provenance of Eucalyptus, including E. camaldulensis 9616, E. camaldulensis, E. microtheca and E. sargentii were planted in 1992 under rainfed condition and statistical design of randomized complete blocks, with three replicates at 3*3meter spacing and against dominant wind direction. In this study, a mulch cover was applied to stabilize the sandy dunes against wind erosion. The measured Eucalyptus characteristics were: survival, height and diameter. After seven years, the data were analyzed, using ANOVA and Duncan tests. The results showed that E. camaldulensis 9616 was the most promising species due to its highest value of survival (73%), mean height (9.66m) and mean diameter at breast height (10 cm).}, keywords = {Sandy dune stabilization,height,DIAMETER,afforestation,Eucalyptus,survival}, title_fa = {بررسی سازگاری چند گونه اکالیپتوس در تپه‌های شنی خوزستان}, abstract_fa = {استان خوزستان دارای عرصه‌های وسیعی از شنهای روان می‌باشد که به طور عمده در جنوب و غرب رودخانه کرخه واقع شده‌اند. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، شناخت و معرفی گونه‌های برتر و سازگار اکالیپتوس، به منظور تثبیت بیولوژیکی و جلوگیری از حرکت شنهای روان می‌باشد. در این بررسی تعداد سه گونه و پروننس اکالیپتوس Eucalyptus camaldulensis 9616 ، E.microtheca ، E.camaldulensis و E.sargentii انتخاب و در قالب طرح آماری بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار (در هر تکرار 70 اصله نهال به فاصله کاشت 3×3 متر) از سال 1372 به مدت هفت سال در ایستگاه تحقیقات شنهای روان در شرایط دیم به مرحلة اجراء درآمد. طرز قرار گرفتن بلوکها عمود بر جهت باد غالب منطقه درنظر گرفته شد. مشخصه‌های درصد زنده‌مانی، قطر برابر سینه و ارتفاع درخت مبنای کار مورد بررسی بود. آماربرداری و اندازه‌‌گیری درختان در سال 1378، پس از محاسبه تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین‌ها به روش دانکن نشان داد که پروننس Eucalyptus camaldulensis 9616 از لحاظ بقاء (73 درصد) نسبت به سه گونه دیگر برتری داشته است. حداکثر میانگین رشد ارتفاعی و قطری نیز به پروننس فوق به ترتـیب با 66/9 متر و 10 سانتیمتر اختصاص داشته است}, keywords_fa = {تثبیت اراضی شنزار,جنگلکاری,اکالیپتوس دیم,زنده‌مانی,ارتفاع,قطر}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108448.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108448_420b447b0940d660625561eccef56ea7.pdf} } @article { author = {Yosefi, Mas'oud and Shahrivar, Abdal and Modirrahmati, Ali Reza and Ghasemy, Rafatollah and Hemmati, Almad}, title = {Phenological characteristics of different Poplar species at Yassoj Experimental Station}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {516-501}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {}, abstract = {In order to collect and study the morphological- phenological characteristics and ecological requirements of different poplars, 40 most successful clones were selected from Selection Nursery and transferred into Mother Individual collection by 5*5 and 4*4 m intervals for open and closed crown species, respectively, using five seedlings for each planting line. The collection is located in western Iran, near Yasooj in Kohgiluye and Buyerahmad province. The studied growth characteristics contained of diameter and height which recorded at the end of growth period. The phenological phenomena consisted of were flower, leaf, seed development and leaf fall. Furthermore, daily maximum and minimum temperature data was recorded all over the growth period. The results showed that the poplar biotic activity usually starts at March and ends at November. The phenological phenomena at different poplar species and clones started in different dates due to variation in species and clones genetic characteristics and climate condition which varied from few days to few weeks. Beginning of phenological phenomena of a species is usually correlated to air temperature (maximum, minimum and average) at beginning of growth period, whereas its end is often correlated to photoperiodism and minimum air temperature. Leaf discolor and fall date at different poplar species varied from 6th September to 6th November due to shorter day time and cooler air temperature. The species P. alba and P. euramericana started their phenological activities earlier than the other species and the clones of P. alba and P. deltoides had longest biotic activities. The clones of P. alba were more sensetive to forest, whereas the clones of P. euramericana and P. deltoides were very sensetive to pests, particularly to beetle xylophagus (Melanophila sp.). About 70% of P. euramericana clones were complete died due to damage caused by this pest.}, keywords = {Clone,collection,selection. Poplar,photoperiodism,temperature}, title_fa = {بررسی پدیده‌های حیاتی گونه‌های مختلف صنوبر در ایستگاه سرآبتاوه یاسوج}, abstract_fa = {به منظور نگهداری کلن‌های مختلف و مطالعه مشخصات مورفولوژیکی ،فنولوژیکی و نیازهای اکولوژیکی کلن‌های مختلف، تعداد 40 کلن و از هر کدام 5 اصله نهال از کلن‌های موفق خزانه سلکسیون انتخاب و به کلکسیون پایه مادر انتقال داده شدند. بعد به فواصل 5×5 متر برای گونه ای تاج باز و 4×4 متر برای کلن‌های تاج بسته به صورت ردیفی کاشته شدند. در این مطالعه وضعیت رشد قطری و ارتفاعی در پایان هر فصل رشد اندازه گیری و با مشاهده و ثبت ظهور پدیدهای حیاتی گل ، برگ، رسیدن بذر و پراکنش آن و خزان برگها در طول فصل رویش اقدام و نیز حداکثر و حداقل دمای روزانه در طول فصل رویش ثبت گردید. نتایج بدست آمده از مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که فعالیت حیاتی در ارقام مختلف صنوبر در فاصله زمانی اوایل فروردین شروع و در اواسط آبان خاتمه می‌یابد. ظهور پدیده‌های حیاتی در ارقام و گونه‌های مختلف صنوبر بسته به سرشت هر گونه و دمای محیط در فواصل زمانی متفاوتی انجام می‌شود. اختلاف زمانی در مورد ظهور هر یک از پدیده‌های حیاتی در میان ارقام مختلف حتی کلن‌های مختلف یک گونه از چند روز تا چند هفته متغیر می‌باشد . شروع فعالیت حیاتی یک گونه تابع دمای محیط (حداکثر، حداقل و متوسط) در ماههای اولیه فصل رویش می‌باشد و خاتمه و رکود فعالیتهای حیاتی و شروع پدیده خزان بیشتر تحت تأثیر فتوپرپودیسم (دوره نوری) و دمای حداقل بوده و با کوتاه شدن طول روز و کاهش دما از اواسط شهریور تا اواسط آبان تغییر رنگ و ریزش برگها در گونه‌های مختلف آغاز می‌شود. فعالیتهای حیاتی P.alba و P.euramericana زودتر از سایر کلن‌ها شروع می‌شود و کلن‌های P.deltoides و P.nigra  از دوره حیاتی طولانی تری برخوردارند. کلن‌های P.alba نسبت به یخبندان حساسیت بیشتری دارند و کلن‌های P.euramericana P.deltoides نسبت به آفات چوبخوار به ویژه سوسک چوبخوار Melanophila  حساسیت زیادی داشته، به طوری که قریب به 70% کلن‌های P.euramericana در اثر خسارت این آفت خشک شدند. }, keywords_fa = {پدیده‌های حیاتی,گونه‌ها,صنوبر}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108454.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_108454_2020f4eb858e92e0fd156ab241c430fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Abstracts}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {522-517}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran}, issn = {1735-0883}, eissn = {2383-1146}, doi = {}, abstract = {Identification and abundance of mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with Juniperus excelsa     Abstract Mycorrhiza is one of the most common symbiosis between vascular plants and microorganisms. Mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in life cycle of plants by increasing their ability to absorb water and nutrients, excreting plant hormones and protecting the host plants against pathogens. The identified mycorrhizal fungi are used to inoculate on poor soils. Eight juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. Beib) trees were selected at their natural habitat in Karaj valley of Iran in order to start the investigation. Root and soil were sampled from each tree for two years in two seasons (autumn and spring). After staining roots, the mycorrhizal organs such as hyphae, arbuscles and vesicles were observed. The AM fungi were identified, using Morton and Trappe keys and INVAM site information. Two genus and two species of mycorrhizal fungi were identified, including Glomus sp., Glomus multicaule, Acaulospora sp. and Glomus fasciculatum. The species Glomus multicaule had the greatest abundance in all of the soil samples and in both seasons.   Key words: Symbiosis, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Juniperus excelsa, Acaulospora, Glomus   Diameter and volume increment of (Fagus orientalis  Lipsky) in an intact forest of Nave-Asalem region     Abstract Beech (F. orientalis Lipsky) is one of the valuable species of Caspian forests of Iran which shares about 30% of the forests growing stock. Measurment of the annual diameter and volume increment of this species is essential for accurate planning and logging. Furthermore, measuring the annual allowable cut for the forest management projects, is based on the annual volume increment. The trial was conducted in district one of Nave-Asalem forest Management Project at west forests of Guilan province. In the control compartment of this district, 30 circular plots, each 500 m2, were randomly allocated. In each plot, in addition to measuring different variables, three trees were used to sample growth increment cores and calculte the annual volume increment by the Meyer method. The annual volume increment of F. orientalis at the studied intact stand was calculated after measuring its annual diameter increment, which was 10.284 sylve per hectar per year. For further investigation, the annual volume increment of the species was calculted at three diameter classes, including 15-45 cm (young trees), 45-75 cm (middle – aged trees) and > 75 cm (old – aged trees), which resulted in: 0.0295, 0.0512 and 0.735 sylve per hectare per year, respectively. There was significant correlation between breast height diameter (dbh), annual diameter increment and annual volume increment.   Keywords: Beech, Fagus orientalis, diameter increment, volume increment, Nave-Asalem, Caspian region.   Site demands and some quantitative characteristics of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Kurdistan province     Abstract This study was carried out in cities of Baneh and Marivan in Kurdistan province where are located at west of Iran. The main aim of the study was to determine the ecological characteristics of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) which is the most important tree species of northern Zagros region in Iran.      After developing the distribution map of this species, the study area was divided into three main land forms, including valley, slope and mountain ridge. Within each land form, sample plots (1000 m²) were allocated randomly and some of the quantitative characteristics of the oak trees were studied. The statistical data of the landforms were compared using analysis of variance and t- test. The results showed that Lebanon oak is a light demanding tree species which prefers to appear in east and north-east aspects. The altitude range of Lebanon oak varied between 1400 and 2000 meters above sea level, while the optimum range might be found at 1600-1700 m.a.s.l. Soils of the studied stands were shallow with light and heavy texture at surface and deeper layer, respectively. pH varied between 6 and 7.      The greatest dimension and growth rate of Lebanon oak was observed at valley landform where the soil was humid and fertile. At best and most suitable sites pure stands were developed, but in other sites mixed stands were developed, including Gall oak (Quercus infectoria). The main regeneration form of the studied oak stands was coppice with standard, containing trees with forked and twisted stems.   Keywords: Iran, Kurdistan, land form, lebanon oak, site demands, soil.   Relationship between regeneration of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and land form     Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between land form and location and natural regeneration of beech species. For this purpose, the beech communities over 100 m. above sea level at Namkhaneh district of Educational and Experimental Forest of Tehran University in Caspian region were selected. Based on renegeration condition and distribution at different land forms, data sampling was performed at four different land forms, including slope, valley, ridge and doulin, using 15 sampling strips with equal widths (2m), but different lengths, depends on different environmental circumstances. The strips were selected at 150 m. intervals. Where the longest and the shortest ones were 517 and 40 m., respectively. The doulin land from was selected where the regeneration cover was more than 30%. The doulin forms were divided into four aspects, including north, east, south and west faced directions for precise study of regeneration. Quantitative and qalitative characteristics of natural regeneration of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) were recorded and canopy cover of the beech old-growth stands was estimated. The results showed that there were significant differences between the four landforms in respect to regeneration cover of beech species, where the ridges had the greatest values. The greatest frequency of beech seedlings on ridge and valley and as well as slope and doulin land forms were found at 2 was 0.8 (equal to 8000/ha). 70% of the seedlings were healthy and the rest were not sound. Keywords: beech regeneration, landform, Aspect, Caspian forests.   Eucalyptus species trial on sandy dunes of Khuzestan province (Iran)     Abstract There are about 350,000 hectares of sandy dunes and sandy lands in Khuzestan. During the past 40 years, different Physical, chemical and biological operations were applied to stabilize these lands and the results were all satisfied. The aim of the study was to determine the most tolerant species of Eucalyptus to drought and heat for biological fixation of sand dunes. Three species and one provenance of Eucalyptus, including E. camaldulensis 9616, E. camaldulensis, E. microtheca and E. sargentii were planted in 1992 under rainfed condition and statistical design of randomized complete blocks, with three replicates at 3*3meter spacing and against dominant wind direction. In this study, a mulch cover was applied to stabilize the sandy dunes against wind erosion. The measured Eucalyptus characteristics were: survival, height and diameter. After seven years, the data were analyzed, using ANOVA and Duncan tests. The results showed that E. camaldulensis 9616 was the most promising species due to its highest value of survival (73%), mean height (9.66m) and mean diameter at breast height (10 cm). . Key words: Sandy dune stabilization, height, diameter, afforestation, Eucalyptus, Survival.   Phenological characteristics of different Poplar species at Yassoj Experimental Station     Abstract In order to collect and study the morphological- phenological characteristics and ecological requirements of different poplars, 40 most successful clones were selected from Selection Nursery and transferred into Mother Individual collection by 5*5 and 4*4 m intervals for open and closed crown species, respectively, using five seedlings for each planting line. The collection is located in western Iran, near Yasooj in Kohgiluye and Buyerahmad province. The studied growth characteristics contained of diameter and height which recorded at the end of growth period. The phenological phenomena consisted of were flower, leaf, seed development and leaf fall. Furthermore, daily maximum and minimum temperature data was recorded all over the growth period. The results showed that the poplar biotic activity usually starts at March and ends at November. The phenological phenomena at different poplar species and clones started in different dates due to variation in species and clones genetic characteristics and climate condition which varied from few days to few weeks. Beginning of phenological phenomena of a species is usually correlated to air temperature (maximum, minimum and average) at beginning of growth period, whereas its end is often correlated to photoperiodism and minimum air temperature. Leaf discolor and fall date at different poplar species varied from 6th September to 6th November due to shorter day time and cooler air temperature. The species P. alba and P. euramericana started their phenological activities earlier than the other species and the clones of P. alba and P. deltoides had longest biotic activities. The clones of P. alba were more sensetive to forest, whereas the clones of P. euramericana and P. deltoides were very sensetive to pests, particularly to beetle xylophagus (Melanophila sp.). About 70% of P. euramericana clones were complete died due to damage caused by this pest.   Keywords: Clone, collection, selection. Poplar, photoperiodism, temperature  }, keywords = {}, title_fa = {مجموعه چکیده انگلیسی مقالات}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_109304.html}, eprint = {https://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_109304_19889b5aad3622f0486b89643c2625d9.pdf} }